“免费的”餐食:对明代国子监监生饮食生活的考察

"Free" Meal:An Investigation of the Dietary Life of the Directorate of Imperial Academy Students in Ming Dynasty

国子监作为为国育才的重要场所,受到了明代统治者的格外关注,在保障监生基本生活的同时,也细化了国子监学规,对他们进行了严格管理。明代对于监生们在学期间餐食的品种、数量等都做了详细的规定。但在实践中存在诸多问题,引起了监生们的不满。特别在后期,这些规章制度更是流于形式。仔细分析有关监生餐食的记载,有助于更深入了解明代国子监的培养目标及监生们实际学习生活状况。

As an important place for national education,Directorate of Imperial Academy was paid special attention by the rulerd of Ming Dynasty.While guaranteeing the basic life of prison students,it also refined the regulations of electronic supervision and strictly managed them.Among them,the types and quantities of meals for prisoners during the semester were specified in details.But there were also many problems in practice,which caused the dissatisfaction of the prisoners.Especially in later generations,these rules and regulations were mere formalities.Careful analysis of the instructions on prison students’meals will help us to better understand the training objectives of the Ming Dynasty Directorate of Imperial Academy and the actual learning and living conditions of prisoners,and also reveal the governance logic under the background of high concentration of imperial power.