多元复合结构型聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Polymer-Based Electromagnetic Shielding Materials with Multi-Elemment Composite Structure

随着现代电子信息技术的飞速发展,电磁波辐射和污染严重干扰精密电子元器件的正常工作,并直接危害信息安全和人体健康。聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料能有效防止电磁波辐射和污染,当前使用环境对其提出了低反射、高吸收、宽频带和结构/功能一体化的苛刻要求,发展多元复合结构是解决这些难题的有效手段。基于材料对电磁波的屏蔽机理,重点介绍了聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的多孔复合结构、异质复合结构、多层复合结构、梯度复合结构和超结构,以及这几类多元复合结构的设计、制备技术及其电磁损耗机制的最新研究进展,并展望了其未来发展方向。该综述可为厚度薄、密度小、频带宽、吸收强的新型宽频电磁屏蔽复合材料的结构设计和制备方法研究提供借鉴。

With the rapid development of modern electronic information technology, electromagnetic radiation and pollution seriously disturb the normal work of precision electronic components, and directly endanger information security and human health. Polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials can effectively prevent electromagnetic radiation and pollution, but the current usage environment puts forward strict requirements for low reflection, high absorption, broadband and structure/function integration. The development of multi-element composite structure is an effective way to solve these problems. Based on the shielding mechanism of materials to electromagnetic waves, the porous composite structure, heterogeneous composite structure, multi-layer composite structure, gradient composite structure and meta-structure of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials, as well as the latest research progress of design, preparation technology and electromagnetic loss mechanism of these types of multi-component composite structures, were mainly introduced. Moreover, the future development of multi-element composite structures was prospected. This review may provide suggestions for the structural design and preparation of novel broadband electromagnetic shielding composites with thin thickness, light density, wide effective band and strong absorption.