长江经济带农业面源污染的时空分异及影响因素研究

A Study on Temporal and Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

基于长江经济带11省市2000-2020年的面板数据,在综合调查法的基础上,采用清单分析的思路探究长江经济带农业面源污染以及化肥、农田固体废弃物等污染源的时空分布情況。研究表明:2000-2020年间,化学需氧量的排放量呈现逐年递增的态势,总氮和总磷的排放量呈现先上升后下降的态势;污染输出最大的3个地区为江苏、四川、湖北;农田固体废弃物对化学需氧量排放量的影响最大,化肥对总氮及总磷排放量的影响最大,且化肥施用量和农田固体废弃物产量存在时空上的异质性。对此,长江经济带各地区应积极加强主要农作物施肥技术研究,推进高标准农田建设,建立农田固体废弃物的集中处理站,进而实现对农业面源污染的有效防治。

Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020,and based on the comprehensive investigation method,the temporal and spatial distribution of agricultural non-point source pollution and pollution sources such as chemical fertilizer,farmland solid waste in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is explored by adopting the idea of inventory analysis.The results show that,from 2000 to 2020,the emissions of chemical oxygen demand were increasing year by year,and the emissions of total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased first and then decreased.The three regions with the largest pollution output were Jiangsu,Sichuan and Hubei.Farmland solid waste had the greatest impact on chemical oxygen demand emissions,and chemical fertilizer has the greatest impact on total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions.There is temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the production of chemical fertilizer and farmland solid waste.In this regard,all regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt should actively strengthen the research on the fertilization technology of main crops,promote the construction of high-standard farmland,establish the centralized treatment stations for farmland solid waste,so as to realize the effective prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.