餐厨垃圾生化尾渣蚯蚓堆肥中矿物的调节效应

Regulation effect of mineral addition during vermicomposting of biochemical disposal residues from kitchen wastes

餐厨垃圾生化尾渣的资源化利用是餐厨垃圾生化处理后的新难点,针对餐厨垃圾生化尾渣中的高盐分和低腐熟度问题,本研究以脱硫石膏和骨炭作为添加剂,探究脱硫石膏与骨炭对餐厨垃圾生化尾渣蚯蚓堆肥中的调节效应,研究其对蚓体生长及蚯蚓堆肥基本性状变化规律的影响。结果表明:脱硫石膏和骨炭添加均可促进蚯蚓生长繁殖,且骨炭添加下蚯蚓生长状况相对更优;蚯蚓处理可降低蚯蚓堆肥pH而提高其电导率(EC)和总养分含量;骨炭较之脱硫石膏添加下所获蚯蚓堆肥pH、总养分含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均升高,而其EC、脲酶(UA)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性则均降低。腐熟度变化表明,蚯蚓活动和骨炭添加均可降低堆肥中C/N和NH^(+)_(4)-N/NO^(-)_(3)-N,增加其腐殖质(HS)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)含量和种子发芽指数(GI)。因此,在餐厨垃圾生化尾渣中添加骨炭进行蚯蚓堆肥以降低盐分和提高腐熟度具有一定可行性。

Recycling the biochemical disposal residue from kitchen wastes is a new challenge.This study aims to find solutions to the problems of high salinity and low decomposition rate of biochemical disposal residue from kitchen wastes.Desulfuration gypsum and bone charcoal were used as additives for vermicomposting biochemical residue from kitchen wastes,and were noted to cause the regulation effect and their variance.The results showed that the addition of desulfuration gypsum and bone charcoal promoted the growth and fertility of earthworms with higher growth recorded in bone charcoal supplemented vermicomposting.Furthermore,the earthworm activity increased the electrical conductivity(EC)and the total nutrient content in the vermicompost.In addition,the bone charcoal supplementation recorded higher pH,total nutrient content,and catalase(CAT)activity while decreased the EC,urease(UA)activity,and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)activity in the vermicomposting when compared with desulfurization gypsum.The changes in maturity degree indicated that both earthworm activity and the bone charcoal addition could contribute to reducing C/N and NH^(+)_(4)-N/NO^(-)_(3)-N while increasing the levels of humus(HS),humic acid(HA),fulvic acid(FA),and seed germination index(GI)in the vermicompost.Therefore,it is possible to reduce salt concentration and improve the maturity degree by adding bone charcoal into the biochemical residues from kitchen wastes for vermicomposting.