基于代谢笼试验的鸡粪中雌激素排放特征研究

Emission characteristics of estrogens in chicken manure based on the metabolic cage test

为研究集约化养殖禽类粪便中雌激素的排放特征,以四川省某养殖场的肉鸡为研究对象,采用代谢笼采样方式采集4个季节的粪便样品,用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS)检测粪便样品中6种雌激素的含量。结果表明:肉鸡粪中6种雌激素E1、17α-E2、17β-E2、E3、17α-EE2和DES的检出率分别为100%、81%、91%、65%、22%和18%,含量范围分别为4.51~1321.55、ND~269.23、ND~307.62、ND~60.35、ND~12.18μg·kg^(−1)和ND~10.31μg·kg^(−1),E1和17β-E2是肉鸡粪中主要的雌激素。采用雌二醇当量(EEQ)评估肉鸡粪中雌激素活性,所有样品EEQ的范围为10.80~1080.22μg·kg^(−1),6种雌激素对EEQ贡献值由大到小依次为E1>17β-E2>17α-E2>E3>17α-EE2>DES,每羽肉鸡通过粪便排放雌激素的日平均总量为43.75μg·d^(−1),EEQ为28.66μg·d^(−1)。差异显著性分析结果显示,同一养殖场饲养肉鸡的粪便中雌激素含量无显著差异,但不同批次的肉鸡粪便中雌激素的种类和含量均存在显著差异,即夏季和秋季饲养批次肉鸡粪便中雌激素含量高于春季和冬季饲养批次,表明即使在相同品种、相同喂养方式下,不同季节喂养的肉鸡雌激素分泌与排放量也存在较大差异。因此,在研究家禽粪便雌激素排放负荷时,应充分考虑采样时间对结果的影响。

To investigate the emission characteristics of estrogens in manures from intensive poultry farming,the contents of six estrogens in broiler manure samples collected by metabolic cage sampling for four seasons from a chicken farm in Sichuan Province were determined by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS.The results showed that the detection rates of natural estrogens E1,17α-E2,17β-E2,E3,17α-EE2,and DES in broiler manures were 100%,81%,91%,65%,22%,and 18%,with concentration ranges of 4.51~1321.55,ND~269.23,ND~307.62,ND~60.35,ND~12.18μg·kg^(−1),and ND~10.31μg·kg^(−1),respectively,indicating that E1 and 17β-E2 were the primary estrogens in broiler manures.Estradiol equivalent(EEQ)was used to evaluate estrogen activity in broiler manure.The EEQ of all samples ranged from 10.80μg·kg^(−1) to 1080.22μg·kg^(−1),and the relative contributions of the six estrogens to EEQ were:E1>17β-E2>17α-E2>E3>17α-EE2>DES.The average daily emission of total estrogens for each broiler was 43.75μg·kg^(−1) with an EEQ of 28.66μg·kg^(−1).The significance analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the concentration of estrogens in the manures of broilers fed on the same farm,but significant differences were observed in the type and concentration of estrogens in the manures of broilers fed in different batches.The concentrations of estrogens in the manures of broilers fed in summer and autumn were higher than those of broilers fed in spring and winter,which indicated that the estrogen concentration excreted by the broilers fed in different seasons was different,even for the same species and feeding mode.Therefore,the effect of sampling time on the experimental results should be fully considered when studying the excretion loads of estrogen in poultry feces.