锌与吡虫啉配合喷施对小麦籽粒富锌效果及蛋白质组分的影响

Effects of Combined Foliar Application of Zinc with Imidacloprid on Zinc Enrichment and Protein Components Content in Wheat Grain

【目的】探讨锌与杀虫剂配合喷施对小麦全粒及面粉富锌效果、蛋白质组分和人体每日吸收总锌(TAZ)的影响,阐明富锌效果存在差异的可能原因,以期为小麦农艺富锌方法提供可靠依据及高效可行的喷施方案。【方法】2016—2018年进行了两年田间试验,试验共设置了6个处理:喷蒸馏水(CK)、喷施0.1%吡虫啉(P)、喷施0.4%ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(Zn)、喷施0.23%甘氨酸锌(GZn)、喷施ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O+吡虫啉(ZnP)、喷施甘氨酸锌+吡虫啉(GZnP)。测定小麦全粒、面粉及麸皮中的锌Zn、蛋白质、蛋白质组分、植酸等含量,并计算TAZ。【结果】不同喷施处理籽粒产量无显著差异,但喷锌显著提高籽粒锌携出量以及全粒、面粉和麸皮中锌含量。两季试验中,与CK相比,单独喷锌处理面粉锌含量分别提高了71%、120%,锌与吡虫啉配合喷施增幅为103%、127%。与单独喷锌处理(Zn、GZn)相比,锌与吡虫啉配合喷施(ZnP、GZnP)不会影响小麦富锌效果,且全粒、面粉中锌含量有增加的趋势,喷ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O的富锌效果优于喷甘氨酸锌,其中ZnP处理全粒和面粉中锌含量最高。全粒和面粉中锌含量与蛋白质、醇溶蛋白及谷蛋白含量间分别呈显著正相关。锌与吡虫啉配合喷施显著提高全粒、面粉中蛋白质含量。与CK相比,ZnP和GZnP处理面粉中蛋白质含量两年平均提高了19%和20%。不同喷施处理全粒和面粉中白蛋白、球蛋白组分无明显变化规律,ZnP和GZnP处理全粒和面粉中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量显著提高。喷锌显著提高了小麦中锌的生物有效性,并且ZnP处理全粒及面粉中锌的生物有效性显著高于其他各处理。【结论】选择烟碱类杀虫剂如吡虫啉与ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O配合喷施,能提高全粒特别是面粉中蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量,从而进一步提高面粉锌含量、锌生物有效性,是一种克服人体缺锌问题且易于实际应用的有效方法。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined foliar application of zinc(Zn)and pesticide on Zn concentration,protein components content,and the estimated Zn bioavailability intake(TAZ)in whole grain and flour of wheat plants,and to clarify the possible reasons for the differences in Zn enrichment.This study was conducted to provide a basis and highly cost-effective approach for grain Zn fortification agronomic strategies in wheat plants.【Method】The consecutive two-season field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2018 with six treatments,i.e.,foliar application of distilled water(CK),0.1%imidacloprid(P),0.4%ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(Zn),0.23%glycine zinc(Gly-Zn,GZn),ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O+imidacloprid(ZnP),glycine zinc+imidacloprid(GZnP).The concentration of Zn,protein,protein components,and phytic acid in whole grain,flour,and bran were determined,and the TAZ was calculated.【Result】There was no significant difference in grain yield among different treatments.But,the grain Zn uptake and Zn concentration substantially increased in whole grain,flour and bran by foliar spray of Zn.Compared with CK,the foliar Zn application alone resulted in a 71%and 120%increase of Zn concentration in flour in 2017 and 2018,respectively;the foliar spray of Zn plus imidacloprid resulted in a 103%and 127%increase in 2017 and 2018,respectively.Compared with foliar Zn application alone,foliar spray of Zn plus imidacloprid did not affect the Zn enrichment in wheat,and the Zn concentration was increased in whole grain and flour.Compared with the foliar application of Gly-Zn,the foliar application of ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O significantly enhanced grain Zn concentration,while the Zn concentration was the highest in whole grain and flour within foliar ZnP application.A positive correlation was found between Zn concentration and the concentration of protein,gliadin and glutenin in whole grain and flour,respectively.The Zn plus imidacloprid treatment increased the protein concentration in whole grain and flour.Compared with CK,foliar application of ZnP and GZnP resulted in a 19%and 20%increase of protein concentration in flour during 2016 and 2018.There was no significant difference in the albumin and globulin content in whole grain and flour among different treatments.The contents of gliadin and glutenin in whole grain and flour were significantly increased by foliar application of ZnP and GZnP.Foliar Zn application obviously improved grain Zn bioavailability,and the Zn bioavailability was the highest in whole grain and flour under foliar ZnP application treatment.【Conclusion】The ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O plus imidacloprid treatment significantly increased the concentration of Zn,protein,gliadin,and glutenin and Zn bioavailability in whole grain and flour.Therefore,combining foliar application of Zn and neonicotinoid insecticide could enhance protein concentration and further improve Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability in wheat grain,so this was an effective and useful practice to overcome human Zn deficiency.