中国新能源汽车“非补贴型”政策的研发投入激励研究——基于区域创新氛围的差异性分析

R&D Investment Incentives of New Energy Vehicles’Non-Subsidized Policies in China—Difference Analysis Based on the Regional Innovation Atmosphere

在中国新能源汽车“补贴型”政策逐步“退坡”的背景下,为了进一步研究如何发挥好“非补贴型”政策的接力作用,促进车企高效创新,本文将新能源汽车“非补贴型”政策区分为“技术准入”和“消费支撑”两类,选取2010—2019年期间中国新能源汽车整车企业上市公司作为研究样本,应用面板向量自回归(PVAR)模型从显著性、敏捷性两个维度分析了两类“非补贴型”政策在不同发展阶段对企业研发投入的动态影响,同时应用面板门槛模型研究区域创新氛围在其中的调节作用。结果表明:“技术准入”类政策对新能源车企研发投入始终呈显著正向激励效果,且响应更敏捷,时滞较短;“消费支撑”类政策的激励显著性则呈现由强减弱趋势,响应敏捷性相对较弱,时滞较长。同时,“技术准入”类政策的研发投入激励效果受到区域创新氛围单一门槛效应的影响,产生正向调节作用,“消费支撑”类政策的研发投入则受到区域创新氛围双重门槛效应的影响,并产生负向调节作用。因此,要充分发挥两类“非补贴型”政策在不同发展阶段的激励优势,并根据区域创新氛围的差异性,因地制宜地实施差异化的“非补贴型”政策。研究结论为中国制订差别化的新能源汽车产业创新驱动战略提供了决策参考。

In the context of the gradual“recession”of China’s new energy vehicle“subsidized”policy,in order to further play the relay role of the“non-subsidized”policy and promote efficient innovation of auto companies,it divided new energy vehicles(NEV)non-subsidized policies into technology access and consumption support,and used the panel vector auto regression(PVAR)method to analyze the dynamic impact of these two types of non-subsidized policies’R&D investment incentive effect at different development stages from the two dimensions of significance and agility,and used the panel threshold regression model to analyze the moderating role of regional innovation atmosphere by taking the panel data of Chinese NEV listed companies during the period 2010—2019.The results show that technology access policies have a significant positive incentive effect on R&D investment,and the response is more agile,with shorter time lag;the significance of consumption support policies’incentives show a trend of weakening,and the response agility is relatively weaker,with longer time lag.At the same time,the incentive effect of technology access policies on NEV companies is affected by the single threshold effect of regional innovation atmosphere,which has a positive moderating effect,while the consumption support policies’R&D investment incentives are affected by the dual threshold effect of regional innovation atmosphere,which results in a negative moderating effect.Therefore,it is necessary to give full play to the incentive advantages of the two types of non-subsidized policies at different development stages,and implement different“non-subsidized”policies based on the differences in the regional innovation atmosphere.The conclusions provide decision-making references for China to formulate a differentiated NEV industry innovation-driven strategy.