生物炭与氮肥减量条件下氮高效玉米品种的氮效率研究

Study on Nitrogen Efficiency of Maize Varieties with High Nitrogen Efficiency under Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction

试验采用裂区试验设计,氮肥为主区,设置氮肥不同量级与生物炭配施;品种为副区,设氮高效和氮低效品种,分别为郑单958(ZD958)和先玉508(XY508),于大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期、腊熟期取样测定各器官鲜干重,测定氮含量用以计算氮素积累量、吸收效率、利用效率和氮效率。生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)与纯N 165 kg/hm^(2)配施干物质积累、氮积累能力及氮效率均表现突出,生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)与纯N 210 kg/hm^(2)配施产量表现最高,且显著高于生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)+纯N 165 kg/hm^(2)处理。生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)与纯N 165 kg/hm^(2)配合施用时,氮高效品种郑单958的干物质积累能力、氮积累能力、氮效率及产量均优于氮低效品种先玉508,且达到显著差异。在内蒙古平原灌区,生物炭与氮肥减量条件下,生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)与纯N 165~210 kg/hm^(2)配施,可实现节氮30%~45%,氮高效玉米品种氮效率提升52.78%~93.33%,更能发挥氮高效品种较强的氮吸收能力和氮利用能力,利于实现高产、高效。

The experiment was conducted in a split-zone design,with N fertilizer as the main zone and differ-ent levels of N fertilizer applied with biochar,and varieties as the secondary zone,namely Zhengdan958(ZD958)and Xiangyu508(XY508),which were N-efficient and N-inefficient.Samples were taken at the twelve-leaves stage,silking stage,filling stage,milk maturity stage,wax maturity stage,to determine the fresh and dry weight of each or-gan,and small samples were left to determine the nitrogen content,which was used to calculate nitrogen accumula-tion,uptake efficiency,utilization efficiency and nitrogen efficiency.Biochar 3000 kg/ha combined with pure N 165 kg/ha showed outstanding dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation capacity and nitrogen efficiency,whilebiochar 3000 kg/ha combined with pure N 210 kg/ha showed the highest yield.It was significantly higher than thatof biochar 3000 kg/ha+pure N 165 kg/ha.When biochar 3000 kg/ha and pure N 165 kg/ha were applied together,the dry matter accumulation capacity,nitrogen accumulation capacity,nitrogen efficiency and yield of nitrogen effi-cient variety ZD958 were better than that of nitrogen inefficient variety XY508,and the difference was significant.In the irrigated area of Inner Mongolia Plain,the combined application of biochar 3000 kg/ha with pure N 165-210 kg/ha could achieve a nitrogen saving of 30%-45%.Nitrogen efficiency of nitrogen efficient maize varieties in-creased by 52.78%-93.33%,and the nitrogen efficient varieties could better play the strong nitrogen absorption andnitrogen utilization capacity.Benefit to achieve high yield and high efficiency.