同一适宜生态区拟引种广西的玉米品种抗病性鉴定与分析

Resistance Identification and Analysis of Maize Varieties to be Introduced to Guangxi from the Same Suitable Ecological Regions

2016~2019年对62个热带亚热带类型区和西南春玉米类型区的各省审定拟引种广西的玉米品种进行6种主要病害的抗病性鉴定,明确拟引种广西的玉米品种对广西玉米产区主要病害的抗病水平。结果表明,参试品种对纹枯病、南方锈病、大斑病、小斑病、穗腐病和茎腐病的抗性,表现中抗及以上的比例分别为27.9%、30.6%、66.1%、50.0%、68.9%和69.4%。不同年份间引种品种抗病性呈现一定的相似性,个别年份特殊除外,表现感和高感纹枯病及南方锈病的品种比例均高于其他4种病害,都在60.0%以上;不同省份审定的引种品种抗病性亦显示一定的相似性,表现感和高感纹枯病及南方锈病的品种比例高于其他4种病害。鉴定结果表明,在同一适宜生态区的各省审定品种中选择品种引种广西时,应特别注意避免或谨慎引种高感纹枯病和南方锈病的品种,以规避或减少因病害危害造成损失,保障引种生产安全。

In order to determine the resistant level of maize varieties to be introduced to Guangxi on major diseases prevalent on Guangxi maize production area,the resistance identification of 6 major diseases to 62 maize varieties which belong to tropical and subtropical or southwest China spring maize growth types was proceeded in 2016-2019.The results showed that the ratio of moderate resistance or above to banded leaf and sheath blight,southern maize rust,northern leaf blight,southern leaf blight,fusarium and gibberella ear rot and fusarium and gibberella stalk rot were 27.9%,30.6%,66.1%,50.0%,68.9%,69.4%,respectively among all the maize varieties;the resistance of different years on the same varieties showed some similarity,except in a few years;the ratio of varieties showing susceptible and highly susceptible to banded leaf and sheath blight and southern maize rust were higher than 4 other diseases,both of which exceeded 60%;and when varieties were grouped by provincial source,the results were similar,that is the ratio of susceptibility and high susceptibility to banded leaf and sheath blight and southern maize rust were much higher than other 4 diseases.The identification results indicated that while selecting varieties introduced to Guangxi from other provinces located on the same ecological area,it requires great attention to avoid introducing varieties with highly susceptible to banded leaf and sheath blight and southern maize rust,thus damage caused by diseases could be avoided or relieved,production of introduced varieties could be secured.