摘要
布洛赫认为,存在者总是生活在厚重的黑暗中,唯有"希望"能够照亮这重黑暗并颠覆现有体制,引领人们走向乌托邦世界。与此相关,一方面,大众文学、大众文化富有乌托邦潜能,并闪烁着"理想国"的光辉。它们隐匿着乌托邦"预显"的效用,并教会主体领悟梦想的重要性;另一方面,大众文学、大众文化所建构的诸梦幻景象具有"间离"从而"震惊"身处其中的观众的功能,促使他们从日常生活中抽离出来,意识到自身所处的匮乏,并领受到乌托邦的光芒。布洛赫还在肯定大众文学的同时区分了大众文学和媚俗文学,以及童话故事和神话故事,并从自身的哲学理论出发,对后两者提出了反思性批判。辩证地看,布洛赫的乌托邦理论既有一定的美学价值,也有一定的局限性。
Bloch thinks that existential beings always live in heavy darkness,and only“hope”can illuminate on that darkness,overthrow the current system and lead people to the utopia. On the one hand,mass literature,art and culture have great utopian potentials and glisten with radiance of the“ideal state”. They conceal the utopian function of“anticipatory illumination”and teach the subject on the importance of dream;on the other hand,the various fantastic scenes constructed by mass literature and culture have the function of“estrangement”,and thus“shocking”audience and readers who engage with those scenes,therefore dissociate themselves with the daily routines,realize the dearth they live with,and capture glimpses of the light of utopia. In addition,while evaluating mass literature positively,Bloch distinguishes between mass literature and kitsch,and he also distinguishes between fairy tales and legends. In dialectical view,Bloch’s utopian theory has its limitations despite its aesthetic values.
作者
楼逸秋
LOU Yiqiu(Si-Mian Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241)
出处
《中国文学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期34-41,共8页
Research of Chinese Literature