论王充以“胸中之造”为中心的文学创作观

On Wang Chong’s Literary Creation View Centering on Created in Chest

王充的"胸中之造"包含着文学构思的涵义。他的文学观是一种广义的文学观。他认为主体胸中之造的运思方式包括妙思等,是文章创新和优劣的根源。王充将主体的博览通识、胸中累藏看成是胸中之思的基础,将胸中之思和胸外兆数看成是主体之神的内外形态,体现了他对"胸中之造"的深刻认识,影响了陆机等人的文学构思观。他提出"准况""效验"等心意诠订的方法,是创构"胸中之造"的重要机制。王充认为著书立说以"胸中之造"为本源,是主体以笔定意的过程,主张如实、自然的传达态度和"文易晓""言可听"的传达效果,对袁宏道"文由胸中流出"的文学观有一定启发。他还提出,不同的传达方式和媒介决定着艺术的类型等,扩大了"胸中之造"的适用范围。

Wang Chong’s view of“Created in Chest”contains the meaning of literary conception. He had a broad view of literature that subject’s wonderful thoughts were the source of the creation and literary achievements. The accumulation of knowledge lays a foundation for the“Created in Chest”. The thoughts in the mind and the signs out of chest are the different forms of the subjective god. All of these views reflect his preliminary understanding of thoughts of creation. They also had a certain influence on Lu Ji’s view on literary conception. Wang Chong proposed that the personal experience,“Zhun Kuang” and the effect on things are the mechanism to check the mind. These are the important conditions for “Created in Chest”, which is the basis of writing a book.Wang Chong believed that article is created from the chest truthfully and naturally,and pursued the effect of the text that is easy to understand. These views reflect that he praised the individuality and innovation with enlightenment to Yuan Hongdao and others. He also pointed out that different means of communication and media determine the type and effect of art, which has expanded the scope of “Created in Chest”.