将错就错:宋璟《梅花赋》的伪作、拟作及其经典生成

Making the Best of Mistakes:Fake and Imitation Works of Song Jing’s Plum Blossom Fu and Its Canonization

宋璟《梅花赋》真作在北宋末年即已失传,但随着南宋梅花"比德"审美文化的发展与成熟,伪作逐步生成。元、明时期,伪作仅在少数文人之间传播,力度极其有限。降及清代,在文本保存、帝王提倡、学术思潮及教育政策等外部因素的合力作用下,此作在清代广为流传。拟作集批评与创作于一体,是更深一层的接受。而清代翰林院馆课多以宋璟《梅花赋》伪作的拟作为题,促使士子们关注和学习此赋,客观上推动着它在清代产生了更深的影响。在宋璟本人及原赋的光环下,伪作代替原赋成为经典。虽被证伪,但此作已然成为历代咏梅赋中最知名的一篇。宋璟真作散佚,清代文人将错就错,伪作的经典地位就此生成。

The original work of Song Jing’s Plum Blossom Fu was lost in the late Northern Song Dynasty. With the development the“Virtue Comparison”aesthetic culture of the plum blossom in the Southern Song Dynasty,the fake works gradually emerged. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,fake works only disseminated among a few people. In the Qing Dynasty,due to text preservation,imperial advocacy,academic thoughts and educational policies,this literature was widely circulated during the Qing Dynasty. The imitation works integrate the criticism and writing at a deeper level of acceptance. Moreover,in the Hanlin Academy of the Qing Dynasty,most of the courses were the imitation based on the fake works of Song Jing’s Plum Blossom Fu,which prompted scholars to pay attention to and study this Fu,and objectively promoted its further dissemination in the Qing Dynasty. Under the influence of Song Jing himself and his original Fu,the fake work replaced the original one and became a classic. Although it was been falsified,fake on ehad become the most well-known one in the Fu of ode to the plum blossoms in past dynasties. With disappearance of Song Jing’s original work,the Qing literati made the best of the mistakes,which resulted in the classic status of the fake work.