“七纲”与“三用”:读者视角下的孔子诗教思想再探

“Seven Principles” and “Three Functions”:A Further Research on Confucius’ Poetry Education Thought from the Readers’ Perspective

"诗可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。迩之事父,远之事君,多识于鸟兽草木之名"七纲之间环环贯通,共同构成了《诗》对读者所产生的三个维度的功用:"兴、观、群、怨"四纲突出的是《诗》对读者心性的影响,强调《诗》能兴发读者的真实情感,让读者在兴发感动中反观自身的不足,获得心理的平衡,做到虽怨不怒,从而保持心性和谐";事父、事君"两纲侧重勉励读者运用《诗》中蕴含的人伦之道来指导现实人生实践,处理好父子、君臣等伦常关系,最终维护人际和谐";多识于鸟兽草木之名"一纲侧重说明《诗》能唤起读者与自然万物的生命共感意识,由此生发出物我一体的仁爱之心,从而亲近自然,保护生态,促进天人和谐。

“Poetry can Xing(stimulate emotion),can Guan(observe society),can Qun(make friends),and can Yuan(complain injustice). Near to honor the parents and far to serve the monarch. More knowledge on the names of birds, animals and plants.”These seven principles are linked together,which constitute the three-dimensional function of the Poem to readers.The four principles of “Xing,Guan,Qun,and Yuan”highlight the impact of the Poem on the readers’ mind,emphasize that the Poem can stimulate the readers’ real emotion,and make the readers look for their own shortcomings in the process of rising and moving,obtain psychological balance and achieve no anger despite resentment,so as to keep a mentality harmony;The two principles of “near to honor the parents and far to serve the monarch”focus on encouraging readers to use the way of human relations contained in the Poem to guide the practice of real life,deal with the ethical relationships between father and son,monarch and minister,and finally maintain an interpersonal harmony. The principle of more knowledge on the names of birds,animals and plants focuses on the fact that the Poem can arouse the readers’ resonance of life with all things in nature,which inspires the benevolence of things and human being,so as to get close to nature,protect ecology and promote the harmony between human being and nature.