论欧、梅“诗骚观”的差异及表现

The Research on the Differences of Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yaochen’s Viewpoints on Book of Songs and Li Sao

在北宋诗文革新过程中,欧阳修、梅尧臣的"诗骚观"通常被认为是一致的,但若细加比较,就可发现他们虽有相同之处,而实则差异之处更多。就"诗"而言,欧、梅都提高了"风"的地位,主张美刺讽谕精神;但涉及经学观时,欧阳修、梅尧臣对"毛诗"的态度就出现了攻驳与接受的分歧,对"美刺讽谕"与"道德风化"的各有侧重,体现了二人对儒学实践的思考有所不同。就"骚"而言,欧阳修主张超越个体愤悱愁嗟之情,故其诗表现为通达的超旷;梅尧臣则对"骚怨"精神抱着同情之理解,故其诗表现为老成的平淡。欧、梅同为推动宋诗革新的健将,探讨其文学观的共性固然重要,但分析他们的个性与差异性也不容忽视,且关注欧、梅"诗骚观"的差异,恰能进一步揭示二人赋予北宋诗文革新的多元性与深刻性。

In the process of the poetry and prose innovation in the Northern Song Dynasty,Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yaochen’s viewpoints on Book of Songs and Li Sao are usually considered to be the close. But if you compare them carefully,you can find that although they have similarities,they actually have more differences. As for Book of Songs,both Ouyang and Mei have raised the status of Feng and advocated the spirit of satire. However,when it comes to the concept of Confucianism,Ouyang and Mei’s attitudes towards Mao Zhuan appear to be attacked and refuted. Ouyang emphasizes the spirit of satire while Mei emphasizes the moral enlightenment due to their different thoughts on Confucianism. As for Li Sao,Ouyang advocates transcending individual feelings of anger and sorrow,so his poems are expressive and transcendent. Mei has a sympathetic understanding of the spirit of Li Sao,so his poems tend to be both plain and meaningful. Ouyang and Mei are both masters in promoting the innovation of Song Poetry. It is important to explore the commonality of their literary viewpoints,but their personalities and differences can’t be ignored,either. On the other hand,the differences of Ouyang and Mei’s viewpoints on Book of Songs and Li Sao show the diversity and deepness of the innovation they endowed to the poetry and prose of the Northern Song Dynasty.