五四儿童文学的“问题”意识与叙事困境——以叶圣陶《稻草人》为中心

“Question” Consciousness and Narrative Dilemma of Children’s Literature around May Fourth Movement——A Case Study on Ye Shengtao’s Scarecrow

五四时期"儿童"作为饱含现代色彩的启蒙符号在新文学话语体系中承担着重要功能。这一概念及叙事的内在丰富性,都使应运而生的儿童文学必然与五四新文学产生深刻关联,并体现出以"问题"为中心的叙事形态。在此语境下,以写小说进入文坛的叶圣陶创作了童话集《稻草人》,从选择独具时代"新"质的童话文体到叙事上取用"写实主义"风格,以及在书写"儿童"和话语表达上陷入的困境,无不成为五四新文学复杂多样的缩影。现代文学研究中未曾重视的《稻草人》,其历史贡献需要置于新文学整体框架以及作家创作的整体风格中考查,这将避免以往文献因忽略叶圣陶的小说家身份所做出的片面结论。

During the times of May Fourth Movement,“children”played an important role in the discourse system of modern literature. Because of this concept and the inherent richness of narration,children’s literature was deeply related to modern literature around May Fourth Movement and embodied the pioneer form of homogeneity and heterogeneity. It has been widely accepted that the aesthetic style in Scarecrow, the first children’s literature work, was turned from romantic to realistic. But if compared with Ye Shengtao’s“question”novels,it indicates that Scarecrow was not the literary tales collection which is only about“children”,but the same reflection of times and society as that in his“question”novels. This collection recorded and thought about a lot of social problems,including“children”and“childhood”.