“有情”与“事功”的间离——1950年代沈从文的自我改造及其困境

The Alienation between Aesthetics and Social Utility——Shen Congwen’s Ideological Reform and Its Dilemma in the 1950s

长期以来,沈从文都因重"有情"而轻"事功"的独特思想立场,被学界广泛视为"纯文学作家"。但少有人注意到,1949年后,他曾试图通过将"有情"和"事功"结合起来的方法,积极向主流话语靠拢。本文即以此为切入点,在史料研究的基础上,分析作家思想变化的内在动因,同时指出他对新文艺思想所存在的误读,以及这种误读对其之后"边缘化"历史处境的决定性影响。这不仅关系到对沈从文思想发展脉络的重新梳理,也关系到对1950年代主流话语与知识分子互动过程的客观还原和理性反思,因此值得展开深入讨论。

Shen Congwen has long been considered as the pure literature writer due to his unique ideological position of emphasizing aesthetics but neglecting social utility. But few have noticed that around 1949,he once tried to approach the mainstream discourse actively by combining aesthetics and social utility. Based on the study of historical materials,this paper aims to analyze the internal causes of author’s ever-changing thoughts,then points out his misunderstanding of the new literary thoughts,as well as its decisive influence on his later marginalization. This is not only related to the re-arrangement of Shen’s ideological development,but also to the objective reduction and rational reflection of the interaction between the mainstream discourse and intellectuals in the 1950 s.