资本下乡的行政逻辑:表现形式、形成机制与实践影响

Administrative Logic of Capital Going to Countryside:Manifestation,Formation Mechanism and Practical Consequences

在当前时代背景下,下乡资本已经成为推动农村产业发展的重要力量,理解资本下乡的实践逻辑有助于更好地引导社会资本服务乡村产业振兴。采用实地研究方法,通过对资本下乡投资江镇茶叶加工产业的实践过程进行深度考察,发现部分社会资本下乡后的投资活动并不遵循市场逻辑,而是遵循行政逻辑,即围绕地方政府的发展偏好开展投资,从而获取一定的政策倾斜作为回报。资本下乡的行政逻辑形成于地方政府对于现代农业的错误认知,以及地方政府对涉农资源分配的自由裁量权,其结果是在农业治理领域中催生出"政府-资本"互惠结构。这一结构将社会资本携带的生产要素、国家用于支持农业发展的政策资源、乡村社会中的优质经济机会都卷入到地方政府完成政治任务和社会资本攫取经济利益的活动中,从而阻碍了,农村产业的实质性发展。基于此,建议进一步明确现代农业的发展方向、规范政策性涉农资源的分配过程、厘清政府与市场在农业发展中的功能定位,从而让资本下乡真正服务于农村产业发展。

In the current era,rural capital has become an important force to promoting the development of industries in rural areas.Understanding the practical logic of the capital will help to better guide social capital to serve the revitalization of industries in rural areas.Using the field research method,this paper conducts an in-depth investigation on the practice of one sum of capital invested in Jiangzhen tea processing industry.It is found that after going to the countryside,the investment and operation activities of some social capital follow the administrative logic instead of the market logic.That is,the investment chooses to be guided by the development preferences of local governments so as to obtain a certain policy preference in return.The administrative logic of capital going to the countryside is formed by the local government’s wrong understanding of modern agriculture and its discretion in the distribution of agricultural related resources,giving birth to a“government capital”reciprocal structure in agricultural governance,which will bring the production factors carried by social capital,the national policy resources used to support agricultural development The quality economic opportunities in the rural areas are involved in the activities of local governments to complete political tasks and social capital to seize economic benefits,which hinders the substantive development of industries in the countryside.Therefore,it is vital to further clarify the development direction of modern agriculture,standardize the distribution of policy-related agricultural resources,and clarify the functional orientation of government and market in agricultural development,so as to make capital going to the countryside truly help the development of industries in rural areas.