权力规训:《欢乐》中的“真理游戏”

The Discipline of Power:the“Truth Game”in Jubilee

玛格丽特·沃克是著名美国非裔女作家,她的作品因关注黑人对争取民权的奋斗而闻名。《欢乐》作为沃克唯一一部出版的小说,历经30年重新书写了黑奴史,为读者提供了蓄奴制的真实本质。本文从福柯提出的真理游戏出发,探讨历史上黑人与白人永远不可能平等的内在原因。由此发现,在小说《欢乐》中,由于白人统治阶级通过宗教、媒体和牢牢掌握的知识生产出了“真理”的话语,从而制定出这场“真理游戏”的规则,进而对黑人包括白人的思想与选择进行权力规训,让他们感到并不是白人统治阶级对自己的强迫和压制,而是自己选择与思考的结果。

As an important African American woman writer,Margaret Walker is widely renowned for her representation of the struggle of black people for civil right in her works.Being her only novel,Jubilee tries to represent the nature of history of slavery.Therefore,this paper applies the theory of“truth game”originated by Michel Foucault to illustrate the truth that black people can never enjoy the equal rights with white people in the history.In Jubilee,the white dominant class produced discourse with truth by the diffusion of religion and media,they also use the knowledge controlled by themselves to rule the truth game.Finally the power discipline implemented by the white dominant class carries out a strong submissive unconscious discipline on blacks and whites.