考虑成本最优的物料配送方式组合优化模型

Combinatorial optimization model of material distribution modes considering optimal cost

针对生产过程中单一物料配送方式所导致的成本过高问题,开展考虑成本最优的物料配送方式研究,基于批量配送和kit配送方式,以物流配送的总成本最优为目标,构建改进的物料配送方式组合优化模型。以汽车生产车间装配线为例,给出物料配送最优方案并进行有效性验证,结果表明:与批量配送方式或kit配送的方式相比,改进的物料配送方式组合优化模型可以分别节约83.6%和70.8%的物流成本,且具有较好的鲁棒性;相比于纸箱装载的物料,以托盘形式装载的物料有更大概率会选择kit配送方式;在全约束条件限制的情况下,物料更倾向于采用kit配送的方式。影响配送方式组合优化的因素优先级为线边堆放区总面积、牵引车额定载重、叉车额定载重,研究结果可为生产车间管理者提供建议。

This paper aims to study the problem of excessive cost caused by the single material distribution mode in the production process in consideration of optimal cost. To minimize the total cost of material distribution, an improved material distribution combinatorial optimization model based on batch distribution and kit distribution modes was proposed. The model was then applied to a case study of the assembly line of automobile production workshop to provide the optimal design of material distribution and verify the effectiveness of the model. Experimental results show that compared with the batch distribution and kit distribution modes, the improved combinatorial optimization model could reduce the cost by 83.6% and 70.8% respectively, and meanwhile exhibited better robustness. The kit distribution mode was more likely to be chosen for delivering the materials loaded in pallets than materials loaded in cartons. Under full constraint conditions, the kit distribution mode was more likely to be adopted. The priority of influencing factors of distribution mode choice was: total stacking area at the edge of production line, rated loading capacity of tractor, and rated loading capacity of forklift. The results of this paper can provide suggestions for workshop management.