地理高考导向“区域认知”核心素养研究及启示——以“2017—2021年全国卷”为例

Research and Insights into the Core Literacy of"Regional Cognition"Guided by Geography College Entrance Examination——With"2017—2021 National Paper"as a Case

高考地理学业水平考试对地理课堂教学具有导向功能,研究高考地理试题是发挥高考地理正向积极导向作用的主要途径。以近五年高考地理全国卷为研究对象,从分值占比、试题材料、考查知识、区域类型、“区域认知”素养类型等方面切入,分析试题考查特点,并总结归纳出2017—2021年对“区域认知”核心素养考查的命题变化特征为:命题方式稳定,考查力度增强;弱化“知识再现”维度,突出方法与能力培养;试题设问新颖,考查综合素养。根据试题设计的变化及命题重点方向引申出完善区域认知结构,强化必备知识;立足真实案例,“活”化能力培养方式;创新教学设计,整合地理核心素养;开发乡土素材,融合研学旅行的教育启示,以期抛砖引玉。

The geography academic proficiency test of the college entrance examination has a guiding function for the geography classroom teaching.The research on the geography test questions of the college entrance examination is the main way to give play to the positive guiding role of the geography of the college entrance examination.Taking the National Geography paper of the college entrance examination in recent five years as the research object,this paper analyzes the examination characteristics of the examination questions from the aspects of score proportion,examination materials,examination knowledge,regional type and"regional cognition"literacy type,and summarizes the change in the characteristics of the proposition from 2017 to 2021 as follows:the proposition mode is stable and the examination intensity is strengthened;the dimension of"knowledge reproduction"is weakened and the development of methods and ability is highlighted;the test questions are novel,reflecting the requirement for comprehensive literacy.According to the change of test question design and the key direction of proposition,this paper proposes improving the regional cognitive structure and strengthening the necessary knowledge;Based on real cases,"activating"ability training mode;innovating teaching design and integrating other core qualities;developing rural materials and integrating the teaching implication of research and study trips,in order to inspire others.