艺术人类学视野下贵州阳戏的文化符码解析

Analysis of Cultural Code in Guizhou Yangxi Opera from the Perspective of Art Anthropology

作为2021年新列入第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目的贵州阳戏,是在民间祭祀仪式基础上吸取傩戏、川剧、花灯戏等表演形式演变形成的一种传统戏剧形式。民间基础深厚,在贵州各地广为流传,至今仍较为完整地保存“科仪”程式和古朴演出方式,是当地民众世代积累的知识与智慧的结晶。其艺术特征突出、人物个性鲜明,具有娱神娱人、特色鲜明,内外相济、两坛有别,戏分大小、剧情丰富,声腔独特、手法多样的独特文化符码。

Guizhou Yangxi opera,newly listed in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural Heritage representative projects in 2021,is a form of traditional drama evolving from Nuoxi Opera,Sichuan Opera,Lantern Opera and other performance forms on the basis of folk sacrificial ceremonies.Widely distributed in all parts of Guizhou,it still maintained relatively intact"rituals"and the performance of primitive simplicity,which is the local accumulation of knowledge and the crystallization of the wisdom of generations.Featured by prominent art and distinct personalities of the characters,Yangxi opera contains unique cultural codes,including entertaining gods and human,distinctive local culture,the distinction between internal and external altar,unique plot and varied tone of the performance.