新世纪以来我国乡村教师政策的审思

Reflection and Prospect on the Policies of Rural Teachers in China since the 21st Century

教师是教育发展的第一资源,党和政府一直高度关注乡村教师发展,先后颁布了一系列相关政策。新世纪以来,我国乡村教师政策彰显出如下价值取向:致力于制定公平、普惠的乡村教师政策;追求城乡教育均衡发展的政策目标;凸显促进乡村教师发展的政策理念。但在政策实施过程中也面临一些困境,如社会支持体系不健全、城乡教师流动以单向为主、教师职前培养呈现同质化倾向等。未来,在政策设计上,应更加重视培植乡村教师的乡土情怀;在政策制定上,进一步完善乡村教师职前职后一体化培养机制;在政策实施上,不断推进城乡教师发展一体化进程;在政策保障上,进一步完善社会支持体系,增强其对乡村教师政策实施的保障作用。

Teachers are the first resource for the development of education.The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have been paying great attention to rural teachers development and have promulgated a series of policies.Since the start of the new century,the rural teacher policy documents in China has highlighted a certain value trend.Based on the analysis of policy documents,this paper explores the practical difficulties in the implementation of rural teacher policy in China,such as insufficient social support system for rural teacher development,the unidirectional flow of urban and rural teachers,and homogeneity of the pre-teacher service trainings.Based on this,the policies for rural teachers should be aimed at cultivating rural pre-service teachers local feelings in policy design,speeding up the integrated training mechanism of rural pre-career and post-career teacher education gradually in policy formulation,enhancing the integration of urban and rural education process in policy support and improving the social support system of rural teacher development in policy guarantee.