石家庄市职业性公交车司机健康状况调查及性别、年龄差异分析

Investigation on health status and the differences in gender and age of occupational bus drivers in Shijiazhuang

目的评估石家庄市公交司机的健康状况及不同性别和年龄其健康状况是否存在差异。方法选取2020年于体检中心体检的石家庄市公交公司职业性公交司机为研究对象,并对体检的异常指标或检出疾病进行统计分析,采用χ^(2)检验分析男性和女性不同年龄段公交司机健康状况是否存在差异。结果公交司机患病率或指标异常检出率前十位分别是超重和肥胖(64.25%)、脂肪肝(36.61%)、甲状腺结节(34.67%)、血压升高(33.09%)、血脂异常(32.23%)、血糖升高(18.03%)、血尿酸升高(15.92%)、尿蛋白阳性(13.58%)、甲状腺回声欠均匀(12.41%)、转氨酶升高(9.20%)。男性公交车司机超重和肥胖、脂肪肝、血压升高、血脂异常、血尿酸升高、血糖升高、转氨酶升高的检出率高于女性(P<0.01);男性甲状腺结节、甲状腺回声欠均匀患病率低于女性(P<0.01)。男性和女性公交车司机的尿蛋白阳性的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分性别进行不同年龄段的统计发现,男性公交司机超重和肥胖、脂肪肝、血压升高、血脂异常、甲状腺结节、转氨酶升高、血糖升高、尿蛋白阳性指标各年龄组检出率均随年龄增加而增加(P<0.01);血尿酸升高的检出率在51~60岁年龄组检出率低于其他年龄组(P<0.01)。女性公交司机其甲状腺结节、超重和肥胖、宫颈纳囊、甲状腺回声欠均匀、尿白细胞阳性、脂肪肝、子宫肌瘤、血脂升高、尿潜血试验阳性各指标均随年龄增加而增加(P<0.05)。结论超重或肥胖、脂肪肝及代谢紊乱在市公交司机中更常见,男性和女性疾病病种有所不同。男性及女性常见异常指标检出率多随年龄逐步增加。

Objective To investigate the health status and the differences in gender and age of occupational bus drivers in Shijiazhuang.Methods The professional bus drivers in Shijiazhuang who underwent physical examination center in our hospital in 2020 were enrolled in the study.The abnormal indicators or detected diseases were statistically analyzed.Results The top 10 diseases in bus drivers with abnormal indexes were overweight and obesity(64.25%),fatty liver(36.61%),thyroid nodules(34.67%),elevated blood pressure(33.09%),and abnormal blood lipids(32.23%),increased blood sugar(18.03%),increased blood uric acid(15.92%),positive urine protein(13.58%),uneven thyroid echo(12.41%),increased transaminase(9.20%).Male bus drivers had higher detection rates of overweight and obesity,fatty liver,elevated blood pressure,dyslipidemia,elevated blood uric acid,elevated blood sugar,and elevated transaminase than those in female drivers(P<0.01),however,the detective rates of thyroid nodules and uneven thyroid echo in male drivers were significantly lower than those in female drivers(P<0.01).There were significant differences in the health abnormalities and diseases mentioned above with the increase of age between male drivers and female drivers(P<0.05).Conclusion The overweight or obesity,fatty liver and metabolic disorders are more common in city bus drivers,and the types of diseases are different between male drivers and female drivers,and the detection rates of common abnormal indicators both male drivers and female drivers are increased gradually with age being increased.