意志与意识:人工智能无人驾驶汽车刑事责任论

Will and Consciousness:Responsibility Theory of Artificial Intelligence Pilotless Vehicles

刑事责任论的发展和演进是刑法学说史的重要内容,也反映了社会发展不同阶段的理念更替。晚近以来伴随人工智能技术的发展,对该前沿技术的法律规制仍需保持鼎革态势,既要变动原有规范内容,又要彰显稳定的传承延续。在明确人工智能型设备不具有自由意志的前提下,无人驾驶汽车相关犯罪问题仍应问责于利害关系人。对于无人驾驶汽车所有人、使用人的过失犯罪,刑法应在监督过失与管理过失基础上考察成立犯罪的合理性,并以信赖原则排除刑事责任。对于无人驾驶汽车制造商、设计者的犯罪问题,刑法应在算法规制与严格责任框架下考虑入罪路径,同时确立技术中立原则限制刑事处罚。

The development and evolution of criminal responsibility theory is an important part of the history of criminal law theory,and it also reflects the change of ideas in different stages of social development.Recently,with the development of artificial intelligence technology,the legal regulation of this cutting-edge technology still needs to keep the trend of change,not only changing the original standard content,but also showing the stable inheritance and continuation.On the premise that artificial intelligence equipment does not have free will,the crime related to driverless cars should still be held accountable to the stakeholders.For the negligent crimes committed by car owners and users,the criminal law should investigate the rationality of the established crimes on the basis of supervision negligence and management negligence,and exclude the guilty cases with the principle of trust.For the crimes committed by automobile manufacturers and designers,criminal law should consider the path of committing crimes under the framework of algorithmic regulation and strict liability,and establish the principle of technology neutrality to limit criminal punishment.