纳米镁对水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Nano-magnesium on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization

【目的】探明纳米镁和离子镁对水稻产量、产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响。【方法】以南粳9108为试验对象,设置了3个氮水平(0、180、270 kg/hm^(2))下不施镁肥和施用纳米镁或离子镁的盆栽试验。【结果】相同氮肥施用水平下,施用纳米镁和离子镁处理的水稻籽粒产量较不施镁处理均有所提高,且施用纳米镁处理的籽粒产量均高于施用离子镁处理,其原因在于施用纳米镁能够提高水稻生育后期叶面积指数、剑叶SPAD值、光合势和净光合速率,促进水稻生育后期光合物质的积累,获得更高的每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重。相同氮肥施用水平下,与不施外源镁处理相比,离子镁和纳米镁的施用均提高了水稻各器官的氮浓度和氮积累量,并促进了氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率和氮素吸收利用率的提高。【结论】纳米镁较离子镁更有利于提高水稻灌浆期间的光合物质积累,促进水稻生产力和氮肥利用率的提高,可作为水稻绿色高效栽培的施肥措施。

【Objective】To investigate the effects of nano-and ion-magnesium on rice grain yield,yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization.【Method】A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of nano-magnesium and ion-magnesium on rice yield formation and nitrogen accumulation and utilization under nitrogen application rates of 0 kg/hm^(2),180 kg/hm^(2)and 270 kg/hm^(2),respectively.【Result】Application of nano-magnesium and ion-magnesium can effectively increase rice yield at the same N application level.The yield of rice treated with nano-magnesium were significantly higher than that treated with sodium magnesium.Moreover,the same trend was also observed in LAI and the accumulation of dry matter in the late stage of rice growth.The application of nano-magnesium could improve the dry matter formation in the late stage of rice growth,increased the SPAD value,photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after heading,promoted the synthesis of rice dry matter and the accumulation in grains,and finally achieved the goal of increasing rice production.At the same level of nitrogen fertilizer application,the application of nano-magnesium and ionic-magnesium increased the nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation in rice stems,leaves,and grains,and promoted the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate,nitrogen physiological utilization rate and nitrogen absorption and utilization.These promotion effects of nano-magnesium were better than that of ionic-magnesium in this study.【Conclusion】In summary,nano-magnesium can be used as a fertilization measure for green and high-efficiency rice cultivation.