生命伦理学视野下羞耻感对自我的伤害及其出路

The Harm of Shame to Self and Its Way out from the Perspective of Bioethics

心理学研究证实,羞耻感对自我的消极影响常常给人造成心理困扰,羞耻并不必然具有伦理价值。羞耻感严重的人会对其自身予以否定性评价与整体否定,伴随着巨大痛苦的羞耻感会对人的自我造成极大伤害。羞耻感要实现升华,必须对其自我的认知图式与评价方式进行伦理取向的转变,从“改造自我和达到完美”的取向转到“关爱自我和接纳不完美自我”的立场。挖掘羞耻感的正面价值,必须让个体避免伤害自我,进而关爱自我。“不伤害生命原则”与“不否定人的伦理主体地位”是羞耻感具有伦理价值的底线。

Psychological research results confirmed that the negative impact of shame on self often causes psychological diseases,and shame does not always related to ethical value.People with serious sense of shame will lead to negative evaluation and overall negation to themselves,and the sense of shame accompanied by great pain will cause great harm to individuals.To realize the sublimation of shame,the ethical orientation of its self cognitive schema and evaluation method must be changed,from the orientation of“transforming self and reaching perfection”to the position of“caring for self and accepting imperfect self”.To tap the positive value of shame,individuals must avoid hurting themselves and then care for themselves.“The principle of not harming life”and“do not denying people’s ethical subject status”are the bottom line of the ethical value of shame.