中国风景园林设计研究10年观(2011—2020年)

A Ten-Year View of Chinese Landscape Architecture Design Research(2011–2020)

设计实践的主观性和创造性思维活动造成了开展设计学术研究的困境—如何将通过设计实践获得研究成果的过程纳入学术研究体系,成为设计学科面对的共同问题。设计研究作为实践和研究的方法论正在试图对此进行回应。首先明确了设计研究的边界与分类标准,在此基础上爬梳了最近10年(2011—2020年)发表于《中国园林》和《风景园林》2本刊物的设计研究成果,运用文献计量学相关理论方法,对设计研究及3种主要模式—关于设计之研究(RaD)、为了设计之研究(RfD)、通过设计之研究(RtD)的发展特点与趋势进行系统分析,发现风景园林设计研究在深度、广度和学术质量上都有显著提高,但也存在以下现象:RaD中的设计理论与设计批评发展相对停滞;RfD由服务于特定对象的设计前预研究更多地转变为有助于建构设计过程的知识研究;在为数不多的RtD文献中,学者更偏向于采用后实证主义和变革主义的方法进行研究。基于风景园林设计研究分类的讨论有助于学者跳脱出固有视角,认识设计与研究的关系,明确自身的研究倾向。

The subjectivity and creative thinking activities of the design practice have caused the dilemma of conducting academic researches.How to integrate the process of obtaining research results through design practice into the academic research system has become a common problem facing the design discipline.As a methodology of practice and research,the“design research”is managing to respond to this.This research first clarifies the boundaries and classification criteria of the design researches and,on this basis,sorts out the design research results published in Chinese Landscape Architecture and Landscape Architecture Journal over the past decade(2011–2020).By using the bibliometric theory,it systematically analyzes the development characteristics and trends of design researches and three main modes—research about design(RaD),research for design(RfD),and research through design(RtD).It has found that landscape architecture design researches have significantly improved in depth,breadth and academic quality.There are also some phenomena:the development of design theory and design criticism in RaD is relatively stagnant.RfD shifts from pre-design research serving specific objects to knowledge research helping to construct the design process.In the few RtD literature,scholars prefer the post-positivism and transformational approaches.The discussion based on the classification of landscape architecture design researches helps scholars jump out of their inherent perspective,understand the relationship between design and research,and clarify their own research tendencies.