环境伦理视野下的自然价值及其审美解释

Natural Value and its Aesthetic Interpretation from the Perspective of Environmental Ethics

地理和文化层面的荒野之争促使自然保护的核心目标由"野地"转向"野性"。从环境伦理学的自然价值论入手,不仅肯定了生态系统中非人成员的内在价值,而且进一步论证成员之间共生共存的价值关系,从而整合科学与审美建立起一种"人类–环境作用的模型"。可以发现,"人走进荒野"的结果是"哲学走向野性",强调由自然体验深入自然本质,完成基于生态关系的自然审美建构。具体而言,将荒野哲学关注的自然价值流转的2个向度—物之纵深与人之内心,转换为文化对自然价值的双维度定位—身体性适应与精神性回应,形成一种"有形+无形"的景观价值识别和保护体系,以此展现人与自然建立起生命关联的整体之美。

The dispute on wilderness between geography and culture has prompted the core goal of nature conservation to shift from“wild place”to“wildness”.Therefore,both the intrinsic values of non-human members of the ecosystem and the value relationships of symbiotic members will be demonstrated based on the natural value theory of Environmental Ethics.Thus,“a model of human-environment interactions”can be built by integrating science and aesthetics.It is concluded that the result of“human going into the wilderness”is“philosophy turning to wildness”.It means that natural experience can help humans develop active attachment to the natural space,that is,the spiritual and aesthetic consciousness will be constructed by the natural environment.Specifically,the material and spiritual orientations of natural value circulation emphasized by the wilderness philosophy can be converted into two directions to identify natural values—physical adaptation and mental response.Finally,a“visible+invisible”landscape value identification and management system can be established to show the overall beauty with the interactive configuration between nature and humans.