跨境电商促进“双循环”的作用机制与发展路径

Research on Cross-border E-commerce Helping to Build the New Development Pattern of Dual Circulation

跨境电商发展与我国双循环新发展格局的形成息息相关。在20世纪末至2011年外向型经济发展格局形成时期,跨境电商出口推动外贸增长助力国际外循环;在2012—2016年外向型经济发展格局调整时期,跨境电商进口推动消费升级,助力国内大循环;在2017年至今双循环发展格局形成时期,跨境电商全产业链升级,助力国内国际双循环。跨境电商助力构建国内国际双循环作用机制,一是帮助疏通生产、分配、流通、消费各个环节,共同推动形成国内大循环为主的发展格局。跨境电商出口连接国内生产端是双循环的开始,通过在生产环节进行商业模式创新、信息技术进步推动外贸产业转型升级,助力国家实施供给侧结构性改革;跨境电商进口连接国内消费需求端是双循环的最终目的,通过在消费环节优化消费结构、提升消费层次推动国内消费升级,助力国家实施需求侧管理;通过在分配环节扩大就业、优化产业分工,扩大价值利益分配格局;通过在流通环节进行基础设施建设、体制机制保障,提高商品、要素流通效率。二是跨境电商赋能国际外循环,通过进口内向集成全球优质商品和要素资源,推动国内消费升级,促进我国深度融入全球要素分工体系;通过出口外向整合全球商品市场和要素市场,推动国内产业结构优化与升级,促进我国深度融入全球产业分工体系,帮助形成国内国际双循环新发展格局。我国应该从三个方面加强跨境电商促进双循环发展路径建设:一是构建跨境电商全产业链,夯实经济双循环发展基石;二是加快数字技术赋能,推进数字贸易双循环发展效应;三是进一步深化对外开放与合作,创造经济双循环发展市场环境。

The development of cross-border e-commerce is closely related to the formation of China's new dual circulation development pattern.During the formation of export-oriented economic development pattern from the end of the 20th century to 2011,cross-border e-commerce exports promoted the growth of foreign trade and helped the international external circulation;during the period of adjustment of export-oriented economic development pattern from 2012 to 2016,cross-border e-commerce imports promoted consumption upgrading and helped domestic circulation;and during the formation of the dual circulation development pattern since 2017,the whole industrial chain of cross-border e-commerce has been upgraded to help the domestic and international dual circulation.Cross border e-commerce helps to build a domestic and international dual circulation mechanism,which is mainly reflected in:first,it helps to smooth all links of production,distribution,circulation and consumption,and jointly promotes the formation of a development pattern dominated by domestic circulation;the cross-border e-commerce export connects the domestic production end,which is the beginning of the dual circulation;business model innovation and information technology progress in the production link promotes the implementation of supply-side structural reform;cross-border e-commerce imports connecting the domestic consumption demand side is the ultimate goal of the dual circulation;optimizing the consumption structure and improving the consumption level in the consumption link can promote the upgrading of domestic consumption,and help China to implement demand-side management;in the distribution link,expanding employment and optimizing industrial division of labor can expand the distribution pattern of value and interests;and in the circulation link,infrastructure construction and institutional and system guarantee can improve the circulation efficiency of commodity and factors of production.Second,cross-border e-commerce enables international external circulation,integrates global high-quality goods and factor resources through import,promotes the upgrading of domestic consumption,and promotes China's deep integration into the global factor division system;and it integrates the global market for commodity and factor of production through export,promotes the optimization and upgrading of domestic industrial structure,promotes China's deep integration into the global industrial division system,and helps to form a new development pattern of domestic and international dual circulation.China should strengthen the construction of cross-border e-commerce to promote dual circulation development path from three aspects:first,we should promote the construction of the whole industrial chain of cross-border e-commerce and lay the solid foundation for economic dual circulation development;second,we should accelerate the empowerment of digital technology and promote the effect of dual circulation development;and third,we should further deepen opening-up and cooperation and create the market environment for economic dual circulation development.