贬损型幽默:笑声能化解敌意吗?

Disparagement humor:Could laughter dissolve hostility?

贬损型幽默指包含贬损意味同时令人发笑的信息。释放论、优越论、失谐−解决理论与良性进犯理论尝试解释了其心理机制。贬损不一定好笑,群体身份和态度、接收者与贬损对象的心理距离以及人格、文化差异等均会影响幽默效果。贬损型幽默可以起到释放偏见与表达社会支配倾向的作用,对人际交往的作用则不一致。贬损型幽默的整合性过程模型串联描述了贬损型幽默的机制、前因和后效,可作为未来研究的框架。未来亦可继续探讨贬损型幽默的消极影响,以及其对群际关系和社会公平的潜在积极作用,并关注到中国社会文化背景下的贬损型幽默。

Disparagement humor refers to communication that contains denigration but elicits amusement.Relief theory,superiority theory,incongruity-resolution theory,and benign violation theory attempt to explain the psychological mechanism.Humor does not always arise from disparagement.The humorous effect is influenced by the group identity and attitude of the receiver,the psychological distance between the receiver and the target of disparagement,and the receiver’s personality and cultural background.Disparagement humor could contribute to the release of prejudice and the legitimation of social dominance orientation,but has inconsistent effect on interpersonal relations.The proposed Integrative Process Model of Disparagement Humor describes the mechanisms,precursors,and consequences of disparagement humor in tandem and could serve as a scaffold for future research.Future research should also devote more attention to the negative social impacts of disparagement humor and the corresponding interventions,the potential positive effects of disparagement humor on intergroup relations and social equity,as well as the disparagement humor emerging from Chinese socio-cultural background.