从“共有”到“公有”:新中国初期北京江西会馆财产的清查与接收

From“Common Ownership”to“Public Ownership”:Inventory and Reception of Property of Jiangxi Guild Hall in Beijing in the Early Period of New China

新中国成立初期,北京市人民政府对同乡会馆的治理既有社会因素,又有经济需要,集中体现为对各省会馆财产的登记和接收。江西省会馆财产的清理与接收,经历了由分散到集中,从地方公产转为人民财产的两个阶段,既利用了旅京江西同乡会,又借助了“三反五反”和“三大改造”,是在北京市民政局的直接领导下间接完成的。这一点,既反映了清末以来现代政权对民间组织不断侵蚀的趋势,又体现了新中国初期政府与民间组织关系的特征。

In the early days of the founding of new China,Beijing municipal people’s government had both social factors and economic needs for the governance of theguild halls,which was mainly reflected in the registration and reception of the properties of the guild halls.The inventory and reception of guild property in Jiangxi Province has gone through two stages from decentralization to centralization and from local public property to people’s property,both using the Jiangxi guild halls in Beijing and with the help of“three againsts and five againsts”(against corruption,waste and bureaucracy,bribery,tax evasion,cutting corners,theft of state property and theft of state economic information)and“three transformations”(establishing agricultural production cooperatives;establishing handicraft production cooperatives;socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce and the implementation of public-private joint venture industrial enterprises.),and it was done indirectly under the direct leadership of Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau.This not only reflects the trend of the modern regime’s continuous erosion of non-governmental organizations since the late Qing Dynasty,but also reflects the characteristics of the relationship between the government and non-governmental organizations in the early period of new China.