中国古巴电力领域合作发展研究

Study on Cooperation between China and Cuba in Power Sector

发展可再生能源,实现能源结构变革,是古巴电力领域未来发展的重点方向,为此还制定了到2030年可再生能源发电占比从目前的4%提高到24%的发展目标。中古两国电力行业合作多年,中国已成为古巴电力市场参与程度最深、最重要的国际合作伙伴。但双方合作中遇到的问题也逐渐显现。古巴实行高度集中的计划经济体制,政策稳定性、连续性有限,企业缺乏自主权;缺乏明确的电力投资政策,外国投资者的投资缺乏合理的保障;目前古巴所实行的货币双轨制,严重阻碍了其经济发展;加之在环境保护、技术指标等方面的规范和要求愈加严苛,电源和电网等基础设施老化严重等,使得中国企业面临一定的投资风险。但机遇总是大于挑战。建议中古双方要建立起企业及政府间多层次、常态化的交流合作机制,推动合作主体和合作方式多元化。中国企业要注重环境保护,项目实施中要考虑当地民生和社会责任;国内金融机构要加大扶持力度,降低投资成本。同时,古方应尽快出台明确的电力投资政策、法规,明确外资权益,并加强配套基础设施建设,提高管理服务水平,改善投资环境。

The development of renewable energy and the change of energy structure are the key directions for the future development of Cuba’s power sector.To this end,Cuba has set a development goal of increasing the share of renewable energy power generation from the current 4%to 24%by 2030.China and Cuba have been cooperating in the power industry for many years,and China has become the most involved and important international partner in the Cuban power market.However,problems encountered in the cooperation have gradually emerged.Cuba has a structure of highly centralized planned economy,with limited policy stability and continuity,and enterprises lack the right to operate independently.The lack of clearly defined policy on power investment fails to provide reasonable guarantee for foreign investors’investment.The dual-track monetary system currently implemented in Cuba has seriously hindered its economic development,and the increasingly stringent specifications and requirements in environmental protection,technical indicators and other aspects and the severely ageing infrastructure such as power supply and power grid make Chinese enterprises face certain investment risks,but opportunities always outweigh challenges.It is recommended that China and Cuba should establish a multi-level and normalized exchange and cooperation mechanism between enterprises and government and promote the diversification of cooperation subjects and cooperation methods.Chinese enter-prises should pay attention to environmental protection and consider local people’s livelihood and social responsibility in project implementation.Domestic financial institutions should intensify the support and reduce the investment cost.At the same time,Cuba should introduce clearly defined policies and regulations on power investment as soon as possible,clarify foreign investment interests,and strengthen the construction of supporting infrastructure,improve the level of management services and improve the investment environment.