海德格尔“大地”概念的多重涵义

On the Multiple Meanings of Heidegger’s Concept of Earth

《存在与时间》之后,海德格尔在思想上进行了多种突破尝试,其中“大地”概念的提出具有标志性意义。这个概念从根本上拓展了海德格尔思想的规模和深度。通过对农鞋、希腊神庙和艺术作品中的质料的描述,海德格尔在《艺术作品的本源》中发展了“大地”作为自然的显现与隐匿的涵义,并着重发挥了作为遮蔽者、庇护者的“大地”概念。“大地”在此具有强烈的自然指向。但常常为人所忽略的是,《艺术作品的本源》中的“大地”还隐含着家乡土壤的历史性内涵。这一内涵在同时期对荷尔德林诗歌的阐释中占据了关键意义。“大地”作为“家乡大地”(包含伦理性)而现身。因此,海德格尔的“大地”概念包含着自然和历史之间的张力,有其丰富性和复杂性。这些复杂涵义在一定程度上可以在遮蔽的涵义中获得统一。

After Being and Time,Heidegger made many breakthroughs in thought,among which the concept of earth is of symbolic significance.This concept fundamentally expands the scale and depth of Heidegger’s thought.Through the description of farming shoes,Greek temple and the materials in works of art,Heidegger developed the meaning of the earth as the manifestation and concealment of nature in The Origin of the Work of Art,and focused on the concept of the earth as the concealment and shelter.The earth has a strong indication of nature here.But what is often overlooked is that the earth in The Origin of the Work of Art also implies the historical connotation of homeland soil.This connotation has key significance in the interpretation of Hölderlin’s poetry in the same period.The earth appears as“homeland earth”(including ethics).Therefore,Heidegger’s concept of earth contains the tension between nature and history,which has its richness and complexity.These complex meanings can be unified in the meaning of concealment to a certain extent.