新型职业农民发展困境:政策约束及内在机理——基于Z市的调查

The Development Dilemma of New Professional Farmers:Policy Constraints and Internal Mechanism--Based on the Survey of Z City

在新时代农业现代化进程中,培育更多新型职业农民具有重要战略意义。从现实来看,新型职业农民在具体生产经营过程中依然面临困境,中央专项政策和一般政策、央地政策、地地政策之间的冲突是制约新型职业农民发展的重要原因之一。新型职业农民发展困境的政策约束背后有其内在机理。整体来看,地方政府为维护局部利益,往往最大程度解释中央政策,导致中央政府与地方政府政策脱节;不同层级地方政府将新型职业农民发展政策放置于本地宏观政策体系中进行通盘考虑,导致对新型职业农民发展政策重视程度不够。另外,诸多地方政府为完成上级政府发展指标,优先扶持精英新型职业农民发展,忽视普通新型职业农民发展,加剧了地方政府、精英新型职业农民和普通新型职业农民间的利益博弈,新型职业农民成长发展受到限制。总体来看,推动新型职业农民成长发展,应侧重理顺中央政府和地方政府间关系、上下级地方政府间关系、地方政府和新型职业农民间关系,维护多方主体利益。

In the process of agricultural modernization in the new era,it is of great strategic significance to cultivate more new professional farmers.In reality,new professional farmers are still facing difficulties in the specific process of production and operation.The conflict between the special policies of the central government and general policies,central and local policies is one of the important reasons restricting the development of new professional farmers.There is its internal mechanism behind the policy constraints of the development dilemma of new professional farmers.On the whole,in order to safeguard local interests,local governments often explain central policies to the greatest extent,leading to the disconnection between central government policies and local government policies;local governments at different levels have placed the development policies of new professional farmers in the local macro policy system for comprehensive consideration,leading to insufficient attention to the development policies of new professional farmers.In addition,in order to accomplish the development indicators of higher governments,many local governments give priority to supporting the development of elite new professional farmers,but ignore the development of ordinary new professional farmers,which aggravates the interest game between local governments,elite new professional farmers and ordinary new professional farmers.Due to above reasons,the development of new professional farmers is limited.In general,in order to promote the growth and development of new professional farmers,we should focus on straightening out the relationship between the central government and the local governments,the relationship between upper and lower local governments,the relationship between local governments and new professional farmers,so as to safeguard the interests of various subjects.