日本藏学界对藏族文学的研究历史与现状

The History and Present Situation of the Study of Tibetan Literature in Japan

日本的藏学研究历史悠久,在藏族宗教、历史、语言和文学等领域的研究一直处于国际领先水平。日本藏学界关注藏族文学比较早,除前后翻译了《米拉日巴道歌》《萨迦格言》《周巴耿勒传》《六世达赖喇嘛诗歌》等传统文学作品外,还翻译了端智加的《端智加小说和诗歌集》、万玛才旦的《万玛才旦小说集》、德本加的《养狗记》、拉先加的《成长谣》和《等雪》、才让东智的《黑狐沟》等藏族当代文学代表作品。此外,日本年轻藏学家根本裕史从文学角度研究了宗喀巴的《缘起赞》,探讨了藏族传统文学与佛教思想结合的历史脉络,对我们提供了研究藏族文学和藏传佛教思想的新视角。大川谦作通过研究端智加代表作《活佛》的思想内涵及语言表达方式,重新评价了端智加对藏族传统文学的态度及开创藏族当代文学的功献。尤其是,藏族学者扎布和根本裕史遵照梵文原著对《云使》的校勘及重译,是近年来中日学者共同研究成果,对推动藏族传统文学发展具有里程碑意义。总之,日本藏学界藏族文学的翻译和研究成果不仅丰硕,还创办专门的刊物介绍藏族文学和电影的发展与现状。大川谦作结合藏学界研究的新动向,详细阐明了百年来日本藏学界关于藏族文学研究的历史及现状。

The Study of Tibetan studies in Japan has a long history,and the study of Tibetan religion,history,language and literature has always been at the international leading level.Japanese academic circles paid relatively an early attention to Tibetan literature studies.In addition to the translation of traditional literary works such as Milariba’s Song,Sakya Maxims,Biography of Droba Gengle and Poems of the Sixth Dalai Lama,several representative works of contemporary Tibetan literature,including Don-Grub-rGyal’s collection of novels and poems,Pad-Ma-Tshe-brTan’s collection of stories,sTag-vBum-rGyal’s Story of Raising a Dog,Rasenga’s Ballad of Growing up and Waiting for Snow,and Tshe-Ring-Don-vGrub’s Black Fox Ditch were also translated.In addition,young Japanese Tibetologist Hiroshi Nemoto studied Tsongkhapa’s Dezhodoba from a literary perspective,and explored the historical context of the combination of traditional Tibetan literature and Buddhist thought,providing us a new perspective for the study of Tibetan literature and Tibetan Buddhist thought.By studying the ideological connotation and language expression of Living Buddha,one of Don-Grub-rGyal’s representative works,Kenzuku Okawa reevaluates Don-Grub-rGyal’s attitude towards traditional Tibetan literature and his contribution to creating contemporary Tibetan literature.In particular,the collation and retranslation of Cloud Enunciator by Tibetan scholars Zabu and Yushi Taishi in accordance with the original Sanskrit text is a joint research achievement of Chinese and Japanese scholars in recent years,which has a milestone significance in promoting the development of traditional Tibetan literature.In short,Japanese Tibetan scholars have not only achieved fruitful results in translation and research of Tibetan literature,but also set up special journals to introduce the dynamics and current situation of Tibetan literature and movies.Okawa Kenzu introduced in detail the history and current situation of Tibetan literature research in Japan in the past hundred years based on the trend of international Tibetan studies.