基于语言学经济性原则视阈下的藏文缩略语特征研究

A Study of Tibetan Abbreviatory Characteristics Based on the Principle of Linguistic Economy

缩略语是藏文词汇的重要组成部分,具有鲜明的形式特征和语义特点,形式上使语言表达更加简洁明了,使语言在使用中凸显出重要的经济性功能,同时在一定程度上又能够反映社会政治、经济、文化等方面的时代特征。是藏文中具有标志性特征的特殊词汇成分,在藏文的理解和表达中具有重要的地位和作用。当前,科学技术的发展极为迅猛,科技术语表现出了数量大、范围广、传播快等三大特点,这些术语如果不根据本民族语言特点尽快规范化,就会影响和降低信息传播的效率,影响地区的发展。缩略语在藏文文法中具有特殊的地位和作用,具有重要的标志性功能。文章基于现代语言学经济性原则的视阈,对藏文缩略语的定义、分类及形成规律进行了讨论,发现一些传统的缩略语的定义、分类方法不大符合现代语言学的缩略语重要特征。鉴于此,对藏文缩略语的传统定义和分类方法进行了修订,形成了较为准确的定义和规范的分类方法。这对藏文中的缩略语进行知识挖掘,发现缩略语的形式、意义、语用等方面的特征和规律,可以为藏文缩略语的规范化提供新的思路和方法,有助于促进藏文缩略语的研究滞后于时代发展,为科技术语的翻译和应用奠定一定的语言学基础,具有重要的理论意义和应用参考价值。

Abbreviations are an important part of Tibetan vocabulary,with distinct formal characteristics and semantic characteristics,form makes language expression more concise and clearer,so that language in the use of the important economic function,but also to a certain extent can reflect the social and political,economic,cultural and other aspects of the characteristics of the times.It is a special lexical component with iconic features in Tibetan language,which plays an important role in the understanding and expression of Tibetan.At present,the development of science and technology is extremely rapid,scientific and technological terms show a large number,a wide range,rapid dissemination and other three characteristics,these terms if not standardized according to the characteristics of their own language as soon as possible,will affect and reduce the efficiency of information dissemination,affecting the development of the region.Abbreviations have a special status and function in Tibetan grammar.Based on the visual threshold of the economic principle of modern linguistics,this paper discusses the definition,classification and formation law of Tibetan abbreviations,and finds that some traditional abbreviation definitions and classification methods do not conform to the important features of abbreviations in modern linguistics.The author revises the traditional definition and classification method of Tibetan abbreviations,and forms a more accurate definition and standard classification method.This knowledge mining of abbreviations in Tibetan,and discovering the characteristics and laws of abbreviations in form,meaning and language,can provide new ideas and methods for the standardization of Tibetan abbreviations,help to promote the study of Tibetan abbreviations lag behind the development of the times,lay a certain linguistic foundation for the translation and application of scientific and technological terms,and have important theoretical significance and application reference value.