果洛话与拉萨话的词汇比较--以动词“rGyag/gTong”为例

A Comparative Study on Vocabulary in Amdo mGo-Log Dialect and Lhasa Dialect

动词“rgyag、gtong”在藏语里比较特殊,在安多果洛话里基本保留原始单纯动词的形态,而在卫藏拉萨话里表现为两种发展趋势,一是具有词义扩大的趋势,二是具有功能增多的走向。之所以有词义扩大趋势是在拉萨话里动词“rgyag、gtong”的使用范围很宽泛,能表示很多不同的动作,其语义的多寡跟果洛话形成鲜明的对比。功能增多也是表现在拉萨话里,即动词“rgyag、gtong”成为复合动词的后缀,拉萨话中的这类合成动词在语义上又对应于果洛话中的单纯动词。通过统计比较,发现动词“rgyag、gtong”在拉萨话与果洛话中具有两种截然不同的发展规律。通过该案例,揭示了拉萨话词汇的快速发展和果洛话保留古语较多的两种特征。

The verbs rgyag and gtong are special in Tibetan language.They basically retain the original simple verb form in Amdo mGo-Log dialect,but they show two development trends in Lhasa dialect:one is the tendency of expanding meaning,the other is the realization of increasing functions.The reason for this trend is that the verbs rgyag and gtong are widely used in Lhasa dialect which can represent many different actions,and the amount of their semantics is opposite to that of mGo-Log Dialect.The increase of functions is also shown in Lhasa dialect which verb rgyag and gtong become suffixes of compound verbs which correspond semantically to simple verbs in mGo-Log Dialect.This paper analyzes and discusses the two completely different development regular of verbs rgyag and gtong in Lhasa dialect and mGo-Log dialect by comparison and statistics.This paper reveals the rapid development of the vocabulary of Lhasa dialect and the retention of more archaism in mGo-Log dialect.