基因编辑婴儿的法律规制

Legal Regulation of Gene Editing Infants

对人类胚胎使用基因编辑技术是一把"双刃剑",在临床应用方面合理利用可帮助人类摆脱疾病的困扰,但也可能被滥用,若使用不当就会使人类背负未知的风险。贺建奎团队的"基因编辑婴儿"事件,引发了国内外学者的强烈抵制。到目前为止,我国缺乏完备的专门性法律以规制人类胚胎基因编辑行为,相关规范散见于各规范条文中,缺乏系统性且效力位阶较低,对违法者的惩罚力度较轻。应制定人类基因编辑专门法律,厘清医学研究与违法的边界,并提高刑法中的量刑幅度,强化对人类基因编辑行为的法律规范。

Human gene editing technology is called double-edged sword.Reasonable utilization can benefit mankind,but it may also be abused and put mankind in unknown risk.He Jiankui’s“gene editing baby incident”caused a great uproar at home and abroad,causing strong resistance from scholars at home and abroad.At present,there are no special laws and regulations on human gene editing technology in China.The relevant norms are scattered in the provisions of various norms,lack of systematization and low level of effectiveness,and the punishment of violators is relatively light.The special law of human gene editing should be formulated to clarify the boundary between medical research and illegal,to improve the range of sentencing in criminal law,and to strengthen the legal norms of human gene editing behavior.