广西陆川(陈村)方言的多功能语素“开[h■i■]”

On the Multi-functional Morpheme [h■i■]开in Chencun Dialect in Luchuan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

广西陆川(陈村)方言的“开”,主要用做动词、趋向补语、表“分开”义的结果补语,还可以充当“完毕”义结果补语、动相补语、体标记、重复累加标记、表意外的语气词。“开”的这种多功能分布模式,目前仅发现于广西陆川、博白的部分客家方言点,其语法化轨迹综合了汉语史“了”和普通话“还”的演变路径。早期广东客家话“开”具有“完毕”义结果补语和体标记的用法,但其他功能是客家话扩散到广西之后自身演变发展的结果。桂东南客家话“开”的这些用法,影响了桂东南白话的“开”的功能。

The morpheme [h■i■]开 in Chencun Hakka dialect in Luchuan county,Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region,mainly functions as a verb,a directional complement and a resultative complement denoting SEPARATION.When denoting COMPLETENESS,it can also function as a result complement,a verb complement,an aspect marker,a repetitive accumulation marker,and a mirative-expressing modal particle.Such a multi-function pattern is only found in some Hakka dialects in Luchuan and Bobai counties in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region,whose grammaticalization path is a combination of le 了 and hai 还 in history of Chinese language.Kai 开 in early Hakka dialects in Guangdong province functions as a resultative complement denoting COMPLETENESS and an aspect marker,and other functions of [h■i■]开 in Chencun dialect is a result of autonomous evolution and development after spreading to Guangxi.These functions of Kai 开 in Hakka dialects in southeastern Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region pose influences upon those of Kai 开 in Yue dialects in the very same area.