日粮纤维素水平及饲养环境对断奶猪生长性能、养分消化及肠道健康的影响

Effects of dietary cellulose level on growth performance,nutrient digestion and intestinal health of weaned pigs under different feeding conditions

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的纤维素及不同饲养环境对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及小肠绒毛形态的影响。试验将1296头24d断奶、平均体重无显著差异的仔猪随机分为4组,每组324头,每组6个重复(54头/重复)。将T1和T2组断奶仔猪饲养在环境条件良好的圈舍中,在断奶后前2周分别饲喂纤维素水平为0%和2%的日粮,T3和T4组仔猪饲养在环境条件较差的圈舍中,在断奶后前2周分别饲喂纤维素水平为0%和2%的日粮。结果:无论日粮纤维素水平如何,饲养环境条件好的断奶仔猪体重、平均日增重和饲料效率均显著优于饲养环境条件差的猪(P<0.05),而日粮纤维素水平对断奶仔猪生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。在同样的饲养环境条件下,日粮添加2%纤维素显著降低了断奶仔猪干物质、粗蛋白质和总能表观消化率(P<0.05)。饲养环境条件好的断奶仔猪干物质表观消化率显著高于饲养环境条件差的猪(P<0.05)。在同一日粮纤维素水平下,饲养环境较好的仔猪空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度均显著高于饲养环境差的猪(P<0.05),而在相同饲养环境条件下,日粮补充2%纤维素显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。日粮纤维素水平和饲养环境对空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。结论:饲养环境对断奶仔猪生长性能和空肠绒毛形态具有显著影响,其中饲养环境条件差会降低生长性能。日粮添加2%纤维素会降低断奶仔猪干物质、粗蛋白质和能量的表观消化率。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of cellulose and feeding environment on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and small intestinal villus morphology of weaned piglets.A total of 1296 piglets weaned at 24 days with no significant difference in average body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 324 piglets per group and 6 replicates per group(54 piglets/replicate).Weaned piglets in groups T1 and T2 were fed 0%and 2%cellulose diet in good enclosures for the first 2 weeks after weaning,and piglets in groups T3 and T4 were fed 0%and 2%cellulose diet in poor enclosures for the first 2 weeks after weaning,respectively.Results:In terms of dietary cellulose level,body weight,average daily gain and feed efficiency of weaned piglets with good environmental conditions were significantly better than those with poor environmental conditions(P<0.05),but dietary cellulose level had no significant effect on growth performance of weaned piglets(P>0.05).Under the same feeding conditions,dietary supplemented with 2%cellulose significantly reduced the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and gross energy of weaned piglets(P<0.05).The dry matter apparent digestibility of weaned piglets with good environmental conditions was significantly higher than that of piglets with poor environmental conditions(P<0.05).Under the same dietary cellulose level,jejunum villus height and crypt depth of piglets in better feeding environment were significantly higher than those in poor feeding environment(P<0.05),while 2%cellulose supplementation significantly reduced jejunum crypt depth in the same feeding environment(P<0.05).There was a significant interaction between dietary cellulose level and feeding environment on the ratio of jejunum villi height to crypt depth(P<0.05).Conclusion:Feeding environment had a significant effect on the growth performance and morphology of jejunum villi of weaned piglets,and poor feeding environment reduced the growth performance.Dietary supplemented with 2%cellulose inhibits apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and energy of weaned piglets.