韩国幼儿教育的法律规制及启示

Legal Regulation of Early Childhood Education in South Korea and Its Enlightenment

韩国幼儿教育呈现出"教育预算重点倾斜、私立园是主要承担者、师资性别比例均衡"的发展格局。依循"国家负责"的立法理念,韩国幼儿教育的法律规制,重在确立政府的组织、保障与监管职责,保障幼儿的受教育权与隐私权,确立教师法律身份及其权益保障制度,形成家庭教育与幼儿园教育的合力。借鉴其规制理念,实现良法善治,我国学前教育立法应明确组建学前教育专职领导机构,尊重和扶持民办园的发展;确立儿童生活记录制度,保护儿童在园的隐私安全;建立幼儿教师法律身份的制度保障体系,创设吸引男性从事幼教的机制;结合儿童权利保护需求,构建家长教育的社会支持体系。

South Korea’s early childhood education presents a development paradigm of “supportive education budget, private kindergartens dominance, and balanced teachers gender ratio”. Following the legislative concept of “national liability”, the legal regulation of early childhood education in South Korea focuses on stipulating governments’ liabilities in organization, guarantee and supervision, protecting children’s right to education and privacy, clarifying teachers’ legal identity, and rights and interests protection system, and formulating the joint force of family education and kindergarten schooling. These regulations provide good implications of institutional conceptions and favored law-based governance for legislation of China’s preschool education. This research proposes that legislating work on children’s education in China should attach much significance to specifying the establishment of a full-time leading institution of preschool education, substantially supporting the development of private kindergartens,establishing a child’s life record system to protect children’s privacy in a kindergarten, constituting an institutional guarantee system for preschool faculty’s legal identity, formulating a mechanism for men faculty to engage in preschool education, and constructing a social support system for parental education for the protection of children’s rights.