分布式形态学框架下照应关系的建立机制及语段推导

The Mechanism of Anaphora and Phase Derivation in the Framework of Distributed Morphology

最简方案框架下,语言结构的推导变为自下而上的动态建构过程,这使得原本建立在静态表征式基础上的约束理论缺失了建立照应关系的句法语义基础,更无法解释一些违背照应语约束的现象。本文以分布式形态学为理论框架,将照应语及其先行项分析为同一词根的多次提取,并分别形成不同的构词语段,参与后续句法结构推导。两者照应关系的建立是词根的语义同一性以及结构的层级性共同作用的结果。处于高层级位置的构词语段与处于低层级位置的构词语段语义同指,不同句法构造使处于低层级位置的构词语段增加了照应性特征或代词性特征,进而在词项插人过程中表现为反身代词或人称代词,以此来体现反身化照应或代词化照应。整个推导过程以语段为基本单位,语段内的照应性特征体现为反身化照应;跨语段的照应性特征表现为代词化照应。

In the framework of Minimalist Program,the derivation of language structures becomes a dynamic bottom-up construction process,which makes the Binding Theory lose the syntactic and semantic bases for the establishment of the anaphoric relation,let alone the explanation of phenomena violating the anaphoric constraints.In the past,the Binding Principle has been modified by adding restrictive conditions to improve its explanatory power,which not only makes the theory itself more and more complicated,but also weakens its universality.The syntactic status of anaphors in the lexicon is the fundamental problem to solve the establishment of anaphora.Syntactically,the anaphors and the antecedents have not established the binding relation in the lexicon,which means they are separate lexical items in the lexicon.Semantically,different items refer to different referents.Therefore,relying solely on the features of lexical items in the lexicon cannot explain the mechanism of the anaphoric relation.Thus,the lexical attributes and existence of reflexive pronouns are the key to the establishment of the relationship between the anaphors and antecedents.Based on the Distributed Morphology(DM)framework,we argue that an anaphor and its antecedent are multiple extractions of the same root,and they form different lexical phases which then participate in subsequent syntactic derivation.In DM,all the elements on which the Narrow Syntax operates me formal features on the terminal nodes,and the phonological features of the roots are inserted post-syntactically,which provides a theoretical basis for the anaphoric relation.We argue that the anaphoric relation is the result of the semantic identity of the roots and the hierarchy of the syntactic structures.The lexical phase at the higher level has the same referential meaning as the lexical phase at the lower level.Then,different syntactic structures assign an anaphoric feature or a pronominal feature to the lower one,which will be inserted with an anaphor or a pronoun during Vocabulary Insertion to embody the reflexive or pronominal anaphora.The establishment of these two kinds of anaphora is based on phases as the basic derivation unit.If the anaphoric relation is formed in the same phase,the anaphor is inserted to the lower position to realize the reflexive anaphora.If the anaphoric relation is established across phases,in order not to violate the Binding Principle,it must be realized through pronominal anaphora.Although it is not a perfect solution,due to the limitation of the language’s own Vocabulary List,pronominal anaphora is still the optimal method.