锦丰金矿露天采坑的植被恢复方案研究

Study on Vegetation Restoration Scheme of Open Pit in Jinfeng Gold Mine of Guizhou Province

为探讨矿区露天采坑的植被恢复模式,以贵州锦丰金矿露天采坑为研究对象,将其分为了4个小区,并针对各区的特点制定了植被恢复方案:(1)对阶梯式采坑平台区采用了覆土+人工种植植物的恢复方式,对采剥坡面区、高陡边坡危岩体区分别采用了双层网挂喷播+种植藤本攀援植物、安全施工处理+单层挂网喷播的恢复方案,对地质遗迹保护区采取了表面清理、保护等措施;(2)对该矿区气候、土壤和水文等因子的调查发现,缺水是影响该矿区植物生长的主要因素。故从该地区乡土优势植物中筛选出了具有水土保持功能的建植物种;(3)植被配置采用小型乔木和灌木植物占60%,大型乔木占20%,草本和藤本植物占20%,深根与浅根植物相结合。在矿区长期植物试种植实验的基础上,本方案通过制定适宜的植被恢复模式,为矿区露天采坑的治理与生态恢复提供参考。

To discuss the vegetation restoration scheme of open pit in mining area,this paper takes the open pit in Jinfeng gold mine as the research object.The mining pit was divided into four areas(1)According to the characteristics of each district,the treatment measures,such as soil covering+artificial planting,double-layer net hanging spraying+planting climbing plants,safety construction treatment+single-layer net hanging spraying,surface cleaning and protection were adopted respectively.(2)From the local dominant trees,shrubs and ground cover plants with the function of soil and water conservation,(3)Small trees and shrubs accounted for 60%,large trees accounted for 20%,herbs and lianas accounted for 20%.Deep root system combined with shallow root system.On the basis of the long-term plant planting experiment in the mining area,the suitable vegetation restoration model and plant species were selected?It provides reference for the management and ecological restoration of open pit mining area.