冰载荷实船测试研究进展

Research Development of Full Scale Measurement of Ice Loads

由于缺乏实际冰况信息和对应的船体冰载荷预报方法,实船测试成为获取冰载荷的重要方法。随着更多极区船舶的建造和冰区航行,近年来取得了丰富的实船测试研究成果。文章系统论述了自2015年以来国内外关于冰载荷实船测试方面的研究进展,包括冰载荷实船测试数据内容和方法、从测试数据到冰载荷的换算方法、冰载荷的影响因素和空间分布特征、冰载荷概率模型和设计极值预报方法等,最后归纳得到的冰载荷实船测试方面的主要研究结论,可为冰载荷的研究提供重要参考,并且指出将冰载荷极值预报方法应用于实船设计仍需要更多的数据积累和理论探讨。

The full-scale measurement has become an important approach to acquire the ice loads due to the lack of the actual ice condition and the corresponding prediction methods for the ice loads acting on the hull.Abundant research achievements have been recently obtained in the full scale measurement with the building of more polar ships and their navigation in ice area.A systematic review is presented about the researches on the full-scale measurement of ice loads worldwide since 2015,including the measured data and methods of full-scale measurement,the methods of converting the full-scale measurement data to ice loads,the factors affecting ice loads and the spatial distribution characteristics,the probability models of ice loads and the prediction methods for the extreme design values.Finally,the main research conclusions of the full scale measurement of ice loads are summarized to provide important reference for the research of ice loads.It is also pointed out that more data accumulation and theoretical discussions are still needed for the application of the extreme ice load prediction methods in the design of full-scale ships.