政企创新合伙人机制与“城市大脑”建设

The government-enterprise innovation partnership mechanism and the construction of“City Brain”

以“城市大脑”作为基础设施和底层支撑是城市运行与治理发展的大趋势,成功的“城市大脑”建设离不开政府与企业良性互促机制。文章基于对北京市海淀区“城市大脑”建设运营主体的调查,采用嵌入式案例法,分析了政企创新合伙人机制中政企的互补关系、结构逻辑和作用机制。研究发现:(1)政企创新合伙人机制中,政府与企业构建了长期的良性互补关系;(2)政企创新合伙人机制是“政府统筹+制度保障+市场化运作”的有机组合体。政府行为转向公共服务功能和统筹规划,生成稀缺制度资源,通过顶级用户决定“城市大脑”建设方向和质量;微观企业在创新激励兼容的市场化竞争环境下,响应政府用户需求,并通过反馈机制影响政府需求方向和质量。政企创新合伙人机制形成了有限的服务型政府与竞争性市场的有机结合,为处理政府与企业的关系提供了经验依据。

In the context of the new era of digital development,taking“City Brain”as the infrastructure and underlying support for urban operation and governance is the major trend.The successful construction of“City Brain”cannot be achieved without the benign mutual promotion mechanism between government and enterprise.Haidian District launched the construction of the“City Brain”in 2018.In its“City Brain”construction,it adopted a government-enterprise innovation partnership mechanism that is different from other cities.Its excellent construction results and the innovative cooperation mechanism between the government and enterprises provide valuable research materials for exploring a replicable“City Brain”construction mechanism,providing references for other cities to build the“City Brain”,and deepening the re-understanding of the partnership between the government and enterprises.Based on the survey of the“City Brain”construction subjects in Haidian District,Beijing,an embedded case method was used to analyze the complementary relationship,structural logic,and the mechanism of government-enterprise innovation partnership.The research finds that:(1)in the government-enterprise innovation partnership mechanism,the government and enterprises have established a long-term healthy complementary relationship;(2)the mechanism of government-enterprise innovation partnership is an organic combination of“government coordination+system guarantee+market operation”.From the perspective of the main body of the government-enterprise innovation partnership mechanism,both the government and the enterprises are the main body of the system operation,but each has its own focus field and clear positioning boundary.The government is positioned as the producer of scarce institutional resources and the leading user.Government behavior shifts to public service functions and overall planning,generating scarce institutional resources,and determining the direction and quality of the“City Brain”through top users.And the micro enterprises who is positioned as the market main body and the direct beneficiary of the“City Brain”construction,respond to the needs of government user in a market-oriented competitive environment that is compatible with innovation incentives,and influence the direction and quality of government demand through the feedback mechanism.From the perspective of the incentive mechanism of the innovative partnership mechanism,it has created an incentive model based on application to promote construction.The incentive model can strengthen the vitality of the government-enterprise innovation partnership mechanism and continue to promote the construction of the“City brain”through establishing the conditions needed to meet the benign incentive mechanism,that is,economic expected payment commitment,human capital accumulation deepening,innovation promotion and innovation ecological network construction.All in all,the government-enterprise innovation partnership mechanism has formed an organic combination of limited public service-oriented government and competitive markets,which provides an empirical basis for handling the relationship between government and enterprises.This paper contains a wealth of policy enlightenment.First,the“City Brain”construction is an economic project that requires the creation of a business model with profit expectations.Second,the construction of the“City Brain”is a huge project with complex system,which needs to play the combined role of government and market.Third,the construction of the“City brain”requires the realization of a delicate balance between human intelligence and machine intelligence,technical rationality and administrative ethics.