新工科教育的创新内涵与美国工科教育的观念演变

Innovation Connotation of Innovating Engineering Education and Idea Evolution of Engineering Education in USA

创新的概念螺旋式上升与回归,得到了广泛的应用。新工科教育已经取得显著成效,应进一步辨析其内涵和要求,凸显其创新的过程特征,通过创新驱动实现目标达成。回顾美国工科教育的转型发展,其观念、要求与标准都在不断变化,在整体培养目标之下,加强分层定位和多元发展,试图避免片面性和绝对化弊端。创新工科教育,应基于当代工科人才属性的拓展,明确和聚焦讨论对象,辨识复杂性和多样性发展趋势,把创新融入教学、科研和社会服务全过程,坚持守正创新、优化模式选择、进一步持续推进,加快培养工科紧缺人才。

The concept of innovation presents spiral ascent and regression, with wide range of applications.There has been some significant performance for innovating engineering education. It should identify its connotation and requirement, and prominence its characteristics of innovative process, as well as realize the goals by innovationdriven of engineering education. Reviewing the transforming development of engineering education in USA, the idea, requirement, and standard changed continuously, to overcome one-sidedness and absolutization, by hierarchical positioning and pluralistic under the requirement of overall objectives. For innovating engineering education, it should explicit and focus the object of discussion, and identify the trends of complexity and diversity,based on the extension of attributes of contemporary engineers. The innovation should be integrated into the whole process of teaching, research, and social service, with innovating on the basis of what has worked in the past,optimizing model choice, and continuously improving, so as to speed up educating engineering talents in short supply.