工科、工科教育及其改革断想

Random Thinking on Engineering Discipline, Engineering Education and Their Reform

工科与国民经济和社会发展联系紧密,工科教育培养了国民经济和社会发展所需要的专业技术和工程人才。工科是知识的类别,工程是物质世界的存在物,工程是工科存在和发展的源泉。工科与科学技术是不同类别的知识范畴,具有交叉融合的特性。工科与文科属于不同门类的知识,但具有内在的关联性。工科教育与工程教育是一体两面,不可分割。工科教育必有技术教育,二者相伴相生。工科教育和文科教育有各自不同的教育逻辑,加强工文融合是造就新工科和新文科人才的重要路径。高校必须遵循理论联系实际的基本原则,实现工科教育与工程教育一体化,建构有自身特色和优势的工科教育体系。培养卓越工程师,需要高校、企事业单位和政府建立稳定而富有质量的合作教育体制机制,保证工科教育对工程实践教学的要求。"新工科"建设的落脚点在人才培养,它虽然由政府强势发动,但高校应发挥关键主体作用。

There is a close relationship between engineering disciplines and national economic and social development, the professional technical and engineering talents required by national economic and social development are cultivated by engineering education. engineering discipline is the category of knowledge, and engineering is the existence of the material world, which is the source of the existence and development of engineering disciplines. Engineering discipline, science and technology are belonged to different categories of knowledge with the characteristic of cross integration. Engineering discipline and liberal arts belong to different kinds of knowledge with internal relevance. Engineering discipline education and engineering education are integrated and inseparable. Engineering discipline education must be accompanied by technical education.Engineering discipline education and liberal arts education have different educational logic. Strengthening the integration of education of engineering disciplines and liberal arts is an important way to cultivate new engineering and new liberal arts talents. Colleges and universities must follow the basic principle of integrating theory with practice, in order to realize the integration of engineering discipline education and engineering education, and construct an engineering education system with its own characteristics and advantages. To cultivate excellent engineers, institutions of higher education, enterprises and the government need to establish a stable and highquality cooperative education system and mechanism to ensure the requirements of engineering discipline education for engineering practice teaching. The foothold of the construction of“new engineering discipline”lies in talent training. Although it is strongly launched by the government, colleges and universities should play a key role in the movement.