几何特征辅助口内三维扫描仪获取牙列缺失种植修复数字印模的精度研究

Accuracy analysis of full-arch implant digital impressions when using a geometric feature

目的评价几何特征对口内三维扫描仪获取牙列缺失种植修复数字印模精度的影响,为临床应用及口内三维扫描仪算法优化提供参考。方法选择上颌牙列缺失种植修复标准模型1个作为参考模型,其上植入6枚种植体替代体及相应扫描杆(编号1~6号)。使用牙颌模型扫描仪扫描上颌模型,重复5次,获取扫描数据作为真值。设计并三维打印制作几何特征实体,分别使用口内三维扫描仪A(Trios 3)和B(Aoralscan 2)扫描添加几何特征前后的上颌模型,获取扫描数据,各重复10次。扫描结果导入逆向工程软件(Geomagic Studio 2015),分别测量1号扫描杆与其余扫描杆上平面中心点间线性距离,即D12、D13、D14、D15和D16。正确度为各口内三维扫描仪测量值与真值相减的绝对值;精密度为各口内三维扫描仪测量值组内两两相减的绝对值;数值越小,代表正确度或精密度越好。统计分析添加几何特征前后线性距离的差异,评价添加几何特征与否对两款口内三维扫描仪正确度与精密度的影响。结果对于口内三维扫描仪A,添加几何特征后D14、D15、D16正确度均显著好于添加前(t=2.66、2.75、2.95,P<0.05),其中最长距离D16的正确度数值由(101.9±47.1)μm降至(49.6±30.3)μm;D15、D16添加几何特征后精密度均显著好于添加前(U=378.00、672.00,P<0.05),其中D15精密度[M(IQR)]数值由40.8(45.1)μm降至13.1(17.0)μm。对于口内三维扫描仪B,添加几何特征后D12、D13、D14正确度均显著好于添加前(t=3.02、2.66,U=22.00,P<0.05),其中D13正确度数值由(116.6±41.2)μm降至(70.8±35.5)μm。D15、D16添加几何特征前后正确度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但添加后精密度均显著好于添加前(U=702.00,489.00,P<0.05)。结论几何特征辅助可提高不同扫描原理的口内三维扫描仪获取牙列缺失种植修复数字印模的精度。

Objective To evaluate the effect of adding a geometric feature on the accuracy of digital impressions obtained by intraoral scanners for implant restoration of edentulous jaw quantitatively.Methods A dentiform model of the maxilla of completely edentulous arch with 6 implant analogs+scan bodies(No.1-6)was selected as the reference model.Without geometric feature,the dentiform model was scanned by dental model scanner and repeated for 5 times as true value group.Before and after adding the geometric feature,the same operator used intraoral scanner A(Trios 3)and B(Aoralscan 2)to scan the dentiform model with the same scanning path.Each type of intraoral scanner scanned 10 times and".stl"datas were obtained.The results were imported into reverse engineering software(Geomagic Studio 2015).The linear distances of center point of upper plane between sacn body 1 to 6 was calculated,denoted as D12,D13,D14,D15 and D16.Trueness was the absolute value subtracted from the measured value of the intraoral scanner groups and true value;precision was the absolute value of pairwise subtraction of the measured values in the intraoral scanner groups.The smaller the value,the better the accuracy or precision.With or without the feature,all scan data were statistically analyzed,and the effect of adding geometric feature on the trueness and precision of the two intraoral scanners were evaluated.Results As for intraoral scanner A,with the feature in place,significant differences were found in D14,D15,D16 for tureness(t=2.66,2.75,2.95,P<0.05);the trueness for D16 decreased from(101.9±47.1)μm to(49.6±30.3)μm.On the other hand,with features on the edentulous area,the precision was significantly increased in D15 and D16(U=378.00,672.00,P<0.05);the precision for D15 decreased from 40.8(45.1)μm to 13.1(17.0)μm.As for intraoral scanner B,the trueness of D12,D13 and D14 after adding geometric features was significantly better than before(t=3.02,2.66,U=22.00,P<0.05).With feature on the edentulous area,the trueness for D13 decreased from(116.6±41.2)μm to(70.8±35.5)μm.There was no statistical significance in the trueness of D15 and D16 with or without geometric feature(P>0.05),however,the precision of D15 and D16 after adding geometric feature was significantly better than before(U=702.00,489.00,P<0.05).The precision of D16 decreased from 112.5(124.7)μm to 35.9(85.8)μm.Conclusions The use of geometric feature in edentulous space improves the trueness and precision of the different principle intraoral scanners tested.