健康服务与管理本科专业建设现状及发展趋势分析

Present situation and future development for undergraduate major construction of health service and management

目的分析健康服务与管理本科专业建设现状及发展趋势。方法选取国内设立健康服务与管理本科专业的123所院校作为研究对象, 运用网络搜集法、问卷调查法、描述分析法对专业分布情况及目标定位、师资队伍、课程体系、教材建设、招生数、毕业生去向等建设现状进行分析, 并围绕国家政策导向和学科发展动态分析专业发展趋势。结果国内设立健康服务与管理本科专业的院校从2016年的5所发展为目前的123所, 年均增长率为472.0%。各类院校的课程体系涵盖了管理学、基础医学概论等13门核心课程, 毕业总学分要求从149学分到224学分不等, 实践教学占教学计划的比例从12.1%到45.1%不等, 学分波动较大, 多数院校实践教学占比不高且内容单一。参与问卷调查的21所院校中, 47.6%的院校将专业目标定位聚焦于培养复合型人才, 52.4%的院校专任教师人数为4~6人, 47.2%的专任教师年龄为31~40岁, 42.9%的院校高级职称人员占比为30%~40%, 28.6%的院校博士人员占比≥50%, 多数院校的专业目标定位比较模糊, 专任教师数量不能满足专业发展的需要, 内涵建设相对滞后。结论院校数量的快速增加与专业内涵建设的不相适应成为制约健康服务与管理本科专业内涵式发展的关键, 建立教学质量国家标准、促进政产学研用结合、提升师资队伍素质、优化课程体系将成为未来发展趋势。

Objective To evaluate the present situation and future development for undergraduate major construction of health service and management.Methods One hundred and twenty-three domestic universities with undergraduate health service and management major were selected as the research subjects.This paper analyzed the present situation of major distribution and aim setting,faculty,curriculum system,construction of teaching material,enrollment number,graduate destination,among other areas,using network data collection,questionnaire survey,and descriptive analysis methods.It also analyzed the development trend of this major with regards to the national policy guidance and discipline development dynamics.Results The results showed that the number of domestic universities with undergraduate major for health service and management had increased from 5 in 2016 to 123 at present,with an average annual growth rate of 472.0%.The curriculum system of various universities covered 13 core courses,such as management and introduction to basic medicine.The total credits required for graduation ranged from 149 to 224,and the proportion of practical teaching in the teaching plan ranged from 12.1%to 45.1%.The credit requirements varied greatly;moreover,the proportion of practical teaching in most universities was not high and the content was narrow.Among the 21 universities participating in the questionnaire survey,47.6%of them focused their education on cultivating versatile talents,52.4%had 4-6 full-time teachers,47.2%of all full-time teachers were 31-40 years old,42.9%universities had teachers with senior professional titles accounting for 30%-40%of the faculty,and 28.6%universities had teachers with doctoral degrees comprising≥50%of the faculty.The aim setting of most universities was more or less vague,the number of full-time teachers couldn′t meet the needs of major development,and the connotation construction lagged relatively.Conclusions The inconsistency of the rapid increasing number of universities with the connotation construction of major has become a key barrier to the connotative development of undergraduate major of health service and management.In the future,building the quality of teaching according to national standards;advancing the integration of government,industry,university,research,and implementation;improving faculty quality;and optimizing the curriculum system will be part of the development trend.