上颌窦过度气化及其影响因素的研究进展

Research progress on extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization and its influencing factors

上颌窦位于上颌骨内,自出生时开始气化,形成为多个骨壁围绕的锥体形空腔。上颌窦底壁与上颌后牙毗邻,关系密切。当上颌窦过度气化致使上颌后牙根尖紧邻上颌窦底,甚至突入上颌窦内时,对口腔多学科领域的诊疗将产生一定影响。先天性和后天环境性因素综合作用可影响上颌窦气化的程度,但上颌窦过度气化的发生机制及确切的影响因素尚不清楚。本文就上颌窦的解剖特征、上颌窦气化的分型、上颌窦气化与口腔学科诊疗之间的关系以及影响上颌窦气化的相关因素等几个方面进行综述,为临床医生了解上颌窦气化及过度气化,探讨上颌窦过度气化的发生机制提供一定的理论依据。

The maxillary sinus is located in the maxillary bone.Since birth,its pneumatization has formed a cone shaped cavity surrounded by multiple bone walls.Its inferior is adjacent to the posterior teeth of the maxillary and closely related.When the maxillary sinus is extensive pneumatization,the root apex of the posterior maxillary tooth is close to the maxillary sinus floor or even protruding into the maxillary sinus.It affects the diagnosis and treatment of the oral multidisciplinary field.The combined effect of congenital and acquired environmental factors influences the degree of maxillary sinus pneumatization,but the mechanism and exact influencing factors of extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization remain unclear.In this work,the anatomical characteristics of the maxillary sinus,the classification of maxillary sinus pneumatization,the relationship between the maxillary sinus pneumatization and the diagnosis and treatment of stomatology,and the related factors affecting the maxillary sinus pneumatization were reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians to understand maxillary sinus pneumatization,extensive pneumatization,and the mechanism of extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization.